Citation

Visvizi, A., Lytras, M.D., Alhalabi, W. and Zhang, X. (2019), "Index", The New Silk Road Leads through the Arab Peninsula: Mastering Global Business and Innovation, Emerald Publishing Limited, Bingley, pp. 245-255. https://doi.org/10.1108/978-1-78756-679-820191017

Publisher

:

Emerald Publishing Limited

Copyright © 2019 by Emerald Publishing Limited

---

INDEX

Index

Note: Page numbers followed by “n” with numbers indicate foot notes.

Abbasid Caliphate

, 21

Abbasid delegations

, 19

Acoustic reporting

, 137

Active service

, 138

Algerian interim government

, 25

Algerian–Chinese relations

, 25

Alibaba

, 37, 163, 204–205

AliExpress (2015)

, 204, 206, 208, 214

platform

, 206

sales of Huawei P9 on

, 209

sales of Huawei P10 Plus on

, 209

websites

, 10

Alliance

, 3, 190

Angel-Eye

, 148

“Ant Logistics”

, 217

Anti-fraud intelligence analysis

, 163–164

Apriori algorithm

, 101

seeking association rules

, 107–108

Arab caliphate period, Sino–Arab relations during

, 18–20

Arab delegations

, 19

Arab Peninsula

BRI and

, 5–7

economies

, 6

Arab–Chinese relations

, (see also Sino–Arab relations), 17–18, 21, 23

breakthrough in

, 24

deterioration

, 20

historical beginnings

, 17

Aramco (Saudi Arabian Oil Company)

, 192–194, 197–198

Arbitration

, 41–43

in China

, 45

CIETAC

, 45

commercial

, 47

European Union Arbitration Challenges

, 44–45

ICC’s New Commission on BRI

, 44

system in Mainland China

, 46

Archiving of data

, 136

Artificial intelligence (AI)

, 36–37, 143

AI-based technologies

, 7

automated reasoning

, 144–145

computer vision

, 145–146

development findings

, 144

facial recognition systems

, 143–144

future development of China AI

, 148–149

hardware

, 148

knowledge representation

, 145

NLP

, 146–147

perception

, 147

research

, 144, 154

Artificial Neural Networks

, 148–149

Asia, trust and business relationships in

, 48

Asian and African corridor experience

, 184–185

Asian Development Bank

, 33n1

Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank

, 33

Assessment approach

, 55

Associated products analysis

, 112

Association analysis

, 101, 106–107, 109

Association mining

, (see Association analysis)

Association of Islamic Literature

, 23

Automated reasoning

, 144–145

B2B electronic commerce platform online

, 98

Bandung Conference

, 24–25

Belt and Road Initiative (BRI)

, 1, 41, 169, 190, 197–199, 203, 243–244

and Arab Peninsula

, 5–7

big data and cluster analysis

, 205

BRI-related disputes

, 41

cluster analysis on country preference

, 210–214

cross-border e-commerce

, 204–205

dispute resolution and enforcement

, 47–48

and EU

, 2–4

HTC ONE M7 cluster procedure

, 222

Huawei P9 cluster procedure

, 223

Huawei P10 plus cluster procedure

, 224

ICC’s New Commission on

, 44

linear programming problem

, 227

literature review

, 204

objective

, 2

outstanding issues

, 4–5

overseas warehouse assignments

, 214–219

overseas warehouse modeling

, 205–206

Red MI 4 cluster procedure

, 225

Red MI 4X cluster procedure

, 226

sales trend and characteristics

, 206–214

Belt and Road strategy (B&R strategy)

, 30, 33–36

Big data

, (see also Data), 205

analysis technology

, 99, 204

applications

, 143

big-data-based AI

, 149

processing

, 36–37

Bilateral investment treaty (BIT)

, 43

Billion tons of coal equivalent (BTCE)

, 196–197

BioASQ dataset

, 147

Blue Book Dispute Resolution Mechanism

, 47

Blue Ocean market

, 106, 112

Building sector

, 195n4

Business

, 239

model of knowledge payment

, 230

sophistication dimension

, 54, 59–60, 72–73

Byzantine rule

, 16

Cambricon-1A chip

, 144

Central Committee of Communist Party of Algeria, Morocco and Tunisia

, 24

Chief executive officer (CEO)

, 85

China

arbitration in

, 45

B&R Initiative

, 30

China–KSA “all under oil” cooperation

, 192–194

Chinese–Arab relations

, 18, 20, 22

Chinese–Russian relations

, 34

contractors

, 35

courts

, 46

cross-border e-commerce

, 203

dispute resolution

, 46

energy and sustainable energy strategies in KSA and

, 194–197

Eurasian integration strategy

, 34

future development of China AI

, 148–149

historical records

, 16

investment

, 4

litigation in

, 45–46

national forces

, 23

new energy models

, 190–199

New Silk Road

, 33

online encyclopedias

, 156

policy-making

, 30

threat theory

, 125

trust and business relationships in

, 48–49

Wikipedia

, 156

win-win approach

, 34

China International Economic and Trade Arbitration Commission (CIETAC)

, 45

China Model

, 190, 197–199

China–KSA “all under oil” cooperation

, 192–194

new energy and sustainable energy strategies in China and KSA

, 194–197

China Ocean Shipping Company (COSCO)

, 3–4

China Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC)

, 10, 169–170, 173, 177–178, 181, 183, 186

core elements

, 178

effectiveness

, 10

effects

, 172

funding terms

, 171

implementation

, 176

substantial CPEC investments in energy

, 174

tweet sentiments

, 181

willingness

, 170

China Petrochemical Corporation (Sinopec)

, 193

Chinese Arbitration Law (1994)

, 46

Chinese Authoritarianism

, 198

Chinese Communist media outlets

, 24

Chinese Communist Party

, 198

Chinese knowledge graphs

, 153–155

applications

, 162

CN-DBpedia

, 157–159

development

, 155

information integration

, 164–165

intelligence analysis and decision making

, 163–164

knowledge of OBOR in current

, 161–162

OBOR

, 153

OpenKG

, 161

QA

, 162–163

semantic search

, 162

XLORE

, 159–161

Zhishi. me

, 156–157

Chint Group

, 191–192

CLASSIC language

, 154

Cluster analysis

, (see also Strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats analysis (SWOT analysis)), 204, 205

on country preference

, 210

on HTC

, 211–212

of HTC ONE M7

, 222

on Huawei

, 213

of Huawei P9

, 223

of Huawei P10 plus

, 224

on MI

, 213–214

of Red MI

, 4, 225

of Red MI 4X

, 226

CN-DBpedia

, 157–161

Commercial arbitration

, 43, 45, 47

Commodity reviews analysis

, 109–111

text parsing process

, 109–110

word cloud results analysis

, 110–111

Commodity’s potential analysis

, 101–105

Communist Party

of China

, 24

legitimacy of

, 32

rule

, 29

Community of Shared Future for Mankind (2018)

, 192

Competitive intelligence service system (CI service system)

, (see also Artificial intelligence (AI)), 115, 117–118

analysis

, 118, 128

architecture of new energy automobile CI service system

, 138–140

case study

, 138

competitive intelligence for strategic emerging industries

, 126–128

competitive situation analysis

, 126–128

connotation and principle

, 128–130

content

, 130–132

framework

, 132–133, 140–141

industry development

, 118–120

product forms and hierarchy

, 138–139

regional development

, 120–121

requiring for strategic emerging industries in China

, 126

roles

, 133–134

service process

, 137

Silk Road in China

, 115–116

strategic emerging industries

, 116–118

for strategic emerging industries

, 128

SWOT analysis of strategic emerging industries

, 121–125

working methods

, 134–137

Competitive intelligence systems (CIS)

, 117–118

Comprehensive cost index

, 217

Computer vision

, 144–146

Contemporary Sino–Arab relations

, 22–25

Convention on Recognition and Enforcement of Foreign Arbitral Awards (1958)

, 45–47

“Cooperation directions”

, 55

Cooperation mechanism

, 131–132

Corridor formation across regions

, 184

Cost pricing

, 235

Council on Foreign Relations (2018)

, 189

Counterfactual reasoning

, 144

“Creative output” dimension

, 54, 61, 76–77

Credit evaluation system

, 99

Crimes against women

, 83

Cross-border

e-commerce

, 10, 97–98, 203–206

electricity business transactions

, 203

Data

acquisition

, 215–219

collection

, 99

filtering

, 99

sources

, 155

DBpedia

, 156–157, 159–160

Degree of knowledge transmission

, 234

Demand analysis evaluation

, 134–135

Demand-oriented principle

, 130

Descriptive statistical analysis

, 206

on HTC

, 209, 210

on Huawei

, 208

on Red MI

, 206–208

DHgate network

, 98–100, 112, 204–206

Digital brain

, 145

Digital Silk Road

, 36–38

Diplomacy

, 244

Dispute resolution

, (see also Belt and Road Initiative (BRI))

arbitration

, 41–42

clause

, 43

legal outlook

, 42–48

trust and business relationships

, 48–49

DocChat

, 147

Document retrieval

, 136

Domestic law

, 43

Dubai International Arbitration Center

, 43

E-commerce

, 97–98

Chinese firms in

, 38

cross-border

, 97, 204–205

OBOR initiative

, 220

platform

, 205

Economic

corridors

, 2, 170

development

, 229

integration

, 244

phenomenon

, 169

principles

, 130

sector

, 198

Education

, 82

Electric vehicle technology

, 120

Electricity and Cogeneration Authority

, 196n5

Emerging Saudi Model

, 190, 197–199

emerging Sino-Saudi Models transcend into Middle East and North Africa

, 190–192

new energy and sustainable energy strategies in China and KSA

, 194–197

Empowerment

, 80

Energy

architecture of

, 138–140

automobile CI service system

, 138

consumption

, 196

framework of

, 140–141

nd sustainable energy strategies in China and KSA

, 194–197

Energy Revolution Strategy (ERS)

, 194, 196

Enterprise CI service system

, 134

Entrepreneurs

, 81

Entrepreneurship

, 81, 85–86

European Commission

, 3, 44–45

European Union (EU)

, 3, 44, 243

Arbitration Challenges

, 44–45

BRI and

, 2–4

Facial recognition systems

, 143–144, 146–147

Female entrepreneurship

challenges faced by female entrepreneurs

, 81–83

ICT knowledge capacity for female entrepreneurship

, 83–85

ICTs for

, 80–81

Saudi women entrepreneurs and vision 2030

, 85–88

suggestions and recommendations

, 92–93

women at work in Gulf ICT industry

, 88–92

women in Middle East

, 79

Financial crisis (2008)

, 115

Financial management

, 238

Fiscal Balance Program

, 195

Five-Force competitiveness model

, 126, 128

Foreign direct investment (FDI)

, 170

Fossil fuels

, 189, 192

Free trade

, 243

Free-Trade Agreement (FTA)

, 175

Freight index calculation formula

, 215

Freight rate data acquisition

, 215

FREP

, 192–193

Gated attention neural network model

, 146

Gaussian cloud model

, 145

General Electric (GE)

, 92

Gilgit-Baltistan (GB)

, 183

Global Competitiveness Index (GCI)

, 5

Global e-commerce

, 204–205

Global energy market

, 189

Global financial crisis (GFC)

, 189

Global Innovation Index (GII)

, 5–6, 52–56, 62

ranking

, 64–77

Global Sources Network

, 204–205

“Go Global” strategy

, 2

Gold Volatility Index

, 205

Gross domestic product (GDP)

, 57, 87

Grubel-Lloyd index

, 176

Guanxi (Chinese concept)

, 48–49

Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC)

, 7, 51

assessment approach

, 55

basic statistics

, 52

current state and past progress

, 56–61

future

, 62

indicators

, 54

innovation dimensions

, 53–54

Gulf ICT industry

Bana Shomali

, 89–90

Dalya Al Muthanna

, 92

Ghada Gebara

, 90–91

Leila Hoteit

, 91

Rafiah Ibrahim

, 91–92

Sharene Lee

, 90

women at work in

, 88

Gwadar Educational Welfare Society

, 182

Health and safety of women

, 82

“High price and high value” strategy

, 212

“High value with low price” strategy

, 213

Hong Kong International Arbitration Center (HKIAC)

, 47

Hot areas forecast

, 232

based on knowledge graph

, 233

knowledge graph

, 232–233

quantitative prediction

, 233–234

Household inequality

, 82

HTC (Chinese smartphone brand)

, 10

cluster analysis on

, 211–212

cluster procedure of

, 222

descriptive statistical analysis on

, 209–211

HTC ONE M7

, 212

Huawei (Chinese smartphone brand)

cluster analysis on

, 213

descriptive statistical analysis on

, 208, 209

Huawei P10 Plus version

, 208, 224

Huawei P9 version

, 208, 223

Hudong Baike

, 156–160

“Human capital and research” dimension

, 56–57, 66–67

“Human capital” dimension

, 54

Human Development Index (HDI)

, 5

Human resource management

, 244

Hupu (professional exchange platforms)

, 239

ICTCLAS

, 146

Image

classification

, 146

gradient

, 145

Inclusive economic growth

, 185–186

Industrial CI service system

, 134

Industrialization

, 29

capacity

, 123, 126

Information and communication technologies (ICTs)

, 5, 54, 57, 80–82

business model creation

, 62

knowledge capacity for female entrepreneurship

, 83–85

Revolution

, 83

Information technology (IT)

, 59, 80

in China

, 118

development

, 205

knowledge graph in

, 232

Middle East IT sector

, 88

“Infrastructure” dimension

, 54, 57–58, 68–69

Innovation

, 52

dimensions

, 53–54

efficiency

, 54

output group

, 54

“Institutions” dimension

, 54, 56, 64–65

Insurance

, 232, 238

Intellectual Property court

, 46

Intelligence analysis

, 136, 163–164

Intelligence provision

, 137

Internal political economy

, 178–184

International capital markets creditors

, 172

International Centre for Settlement of Investment Disputes (ICSID)

, 43

International Chamber of Commerce (ICC)

, 1, 43

New Commission on BRI

, 44

International e-commerce information platform

, 204–205

International Monetary Fund (IMF)

, 172

International payment security and payment methods

, 203

Internet of Everything

, 85

Internet of Things (IoT)

, 36–37

Interpersonal network

, 132

Investment arbitration

, 43–45

Islamic culture

, 78

Khayi Tashi

, 19

King Abdullah City for Atomic and Renewable Energy (KA-CARE)

, 195

King Salman Renewable Energy Initiative

, 195–196

Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA)

, 24, 84, 189

energy and sustainable energy strategies in China and

, 194–197

Knowledge

cooperation

, 62

mapping tools

, 231

representation

, 145

sellers

, 235

“Knowledge and technology outputs” dimension

, 54, 60–61, 74–75

Knowledge graph

, 153, 154–162, 232–233

for OBOR policies

, 165

Knowledge Paying Year (2016)

, 229

Knowledge payment

hot areas forecast

, 232–234

limitations and future research directions

, 239–240

methodology

, 231

research objective and significance

, 230

satisfactional comparison of two modes

, 238

simulation pricing

, 235–238

on Zhihu

, 231–232, 239

Knowledgeable quasi middle class

, 231

Language

barriers for ICT

, 203

learning as professional field

, 232, 238

Law for Zhihu

, 239

Linear programming model

, 204, 214, 219

Linked Open Data Cloud

, 154–157

Litigation in China

, 45–46

Logic programming

, 145

London Court of International Arbitration

, 43

Machine perception

, 147

Macro-economy of Pakistan

, 170

annual growth rates

, 178

balance of trade

, 174–175

current account balance

, 175

debt to GDP

, 171

government deficit as percentage of GDP

, 173

Grubel-Lloyd index

, 176

inflation rate

, 174

net FDI into Pakistan

, 177

projected annual debt servicing requirement

, 172

unemployment as percentage of workforce

, 173

Made in China strategic plan

, 37–38

Man–machine dialogue

, 147

Maritime courts

, 46

Maritime Silk Road

, 203

“Market sophistication” dimension

, 54, 58–59, 70–71

Metallurgical Group Corporation (CMG)

, 47

Method leveraging semantic network

, 154

Middle East

business women visionaries

, 80–81

challenges faced by female entrepreneurs

, 81–83

emerging Sino-Saudi Models transcend into

, 190–192

ICT knowledge capacity for female entrepreneurship

, 83–85

Saudi women entrepreneurs and vision 2030

, 85–88

suggestions and recommendations

, 92–93

women in

, 79, 88–92

Mineral resources

, 122

Ming Dynasty

, 21–23

Modern interpersonal networks

, 135

Modern Sino–Arab relations

, 22–25

Mongol expansion

, 20–21

Moroccan Agency for Solar Energy (MASEN)

, 191

Multilateral Investment Court (MIC)

, 45

Multilateral trading system

, 244

Muttahida Qaumi Movement (MQM)

, 178, 182

National Labor Gateway

, 87

National Transformation Program (NTP)

, 85, 195

Natural language processing (NLP)

, 144, 146–147, 163–164

New Maritime Silk Road

, 2

New Silk Road

, 192, 243

B&R

, 33–36

diplomacy

, 30–33

Silk Digital Highway

, 36–38

society, business, and innovation along

, 7–11

New York Convention

, (see Convention on the Recognition and Enforcement of Foreign Arbitral Awards (1958))

Next-Generation Artificial Intelligence Development Plan

, 37–38

Non-classical logical-reasoning methods

, 144

Non-fossil fuels

, 196–197

NOOR PV I project in Morocco

, 191

North Africa, emerging Sino-Saudi Models transcend into

, 190–192

One Belt One Road (OBOR)

, 153, 164, 203

initiative

, 33, 97

knowledge graph for OBOR policies

, 165

knowledge in current Chinese knowledge graphs

, 161–162

“One-size-fits-all” method

, 44

Online education

, 229

Online shopping

, 109

“Online Silk Road” analysis

analysis method

, 100–101

associated products analysis

, 112

commodity reviews analysis

, 109–111

commodity’s potential analysis

, 101–105

data collection

, 99

data filtering

, 99

market potential analysis

, 105–106

monthly sales charts analysis

, 111–112

multi-bilateral dialogs

, 97–98

product association analysis

, 106–109

product reviews analysis

, 112–113

SMEs

, 98–99

OpenKG (Chinese open knowledge graph community)

, 161

Opinion mining process

, 179

Oral reporting method

, 137

Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD)

, 5, 52

Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC)

, 189

Ottoman Caliphate declaration

, 23

Ottoman rule

, 23

Ottomans in Arab lands

, 23

Overseas warehouse

, 204

assignments

, 214

data acquisition

, 215–219

model formulation

, 214–215

modeling

, 205–206

results

, 219

Paid acceptance

, 234

Pakistan People’s Party (PPP)

, 178, 181

Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf (PTI)

, 178, 181

Pakistan

Asian and African corridor experience

, 184–185

internal political economy

, 10, 170, 178–184

macro-economy of Pakistan

, 170–178

Pareto principle

, 105–106

Passive services

, 138

Patent Cooperation Treaty (PCT)

, 62

PayPal trading platform

, 98

People’s Republic of China (PRC)

, 29, 38, 189

political and economic dynamics

, 30

politicians

, 32

Persian oases

, 16

Piraeus Port Authority (PPA)

, 4

PML-N

, 177, 181

Political economy

, 184–185, 190

Post-Soviet Central Asia

, 31–32, 34, 38

Post-Soviet Central Asian republics

, 31

Potential markets analysis

, 112

Poverty

, 29, 82, 149

Pricing of knowledge payment models

, 231

Prince Sultan University (PSU)

, 85

Principle of objectivity

, 130

Principle of reasonable legality

, 130

Private entities

, 42

Product

forms and hierarchy

, 138–139

reviews analysis

, 112–113

Product association analysis

, 106

apriori algorithm seeks association rules

, 107–108

association analysis methods and application

, 106–107

practical examples of life

, 108–109

Qing dynasty

, 23

Rabat groups

, 16–17

Railway transportation court

, 46

Red MI

, 206, 213

cluster analysis on

, 213–214

cluster procedure of Red MI 4

, 225

cluster procedure of Red MI 4X

, 226

descriptive statistical analysis on

, 206–208

Red Sea market

, 106

Regional energy cooperation

, 10, 192, 200

“Regularly buying on e-commerce channels” methods

, 213–214

Renewable energy

, 192

perspective

, 194

resources

, 191

Research and development (R&D)

, 54

Resistive Random-Access Memory (RRAM)

, 148

Rule-based knowledge representation framework

, 145

Russian regional sentiments

, 32

Sales trend and characteristics

, 206

HTC, descriptive statistical analysis on

, 209, 210, 211

Huawei, descriptive statistical analysis on

, 208, 209

Red MI, descriptive statistical analysis on

, 206–208

Saudi ACWA Power into Egyptian energy market

, 191–192

Saudi and Chinese political-economic models

, 198

Saudi Arabia

, 24

culture

, 79

ecosystem of entrepreneurship in

, 86–87

Electricity and Cogeneration Regulatory Authority

, 196

energy sector development in China and

, 7

GCI and GII ranks for

, 6

new energy models

, 190–199

Saudi Energy Efficiency Programme (SEEP)

, 195

Saudi women entrepreneurs and vision 2030

, 85

boost up small enterprises and productive families

, 87

entrepreneurship

, 85–86

learning for working

, 87

providing identical opportunities

, 87–88

Saudi Vision 2030

, 5, 52, 85–87, 190, 194–195, 197

Saudi-Sino energy cooperation

, 190, 192

Saudization/Sinification

, 192

Science and Technology Progress Law

, 124

Semantic network

, 154–155

Semantic web knowledge bases

, 154

Semi-skilled labors

, 185

Sentiment analysis

, 147, 170, 179

“Set” price

, 235

Shaanxi Province

, 23

Shanghai Cooperation Organization

, 31

Silk Digital Highway

, 36–38

Silk Road

, 15, 20, 51, 153

in China

, 115–116

modern and contemporary Sino–Arab relations

, 22–25

official birth of Sino–Arab relations

, 17–18

relations until eighteenth century

, 20–22

Sino–Arab relations during Arab caliphate period

, 18–20

Silk Road Economic Belt

, 2, 97, 203

Simulation pricing

, 235

hypothesis and model

, 235–237

model evaluation and improvement

, 238

Singapore International Arbitration Center

, 43

Single Market

, 3

Sinicization

, 1

Sino–Arab relations

during Arab caliphate period

, 18–20

modern and contemporary

, 22–25

official birth of

, 17–18

Skilled labors

, 185

Small and medium enterprises (SMEs)

, 86–87, 98

Smart chips based on brain-inspired intelligence

, 148

Smart skin

, 147

“Sovereignty over the sea” concept

, 22

Special Economic Zones (SEZs)

, 171

Stakeholders

, 1, 4, 170

State Bank of Pakistan (SBP)

, 171–172, 177

Stockholm Chamber of Commerce

, 43

Strategic emerging industries

, 116–117

CI service system for

, 128–138

industry development

, 118–120

needs of competitive intelligence for

, 126–128

regional development

, 120–121

situations

, 118

SWOT analysis

, 121–125

Strategic industries

, 244

Strategic oil cooperation agreement

, 192

Strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats analysis (SWOT analysis)

, 126, 204–205

opportunities

, 124–125

of strategic emerging industries in China

, 121

strength

, 121–122

threats

, 125

weakness

, 122–124

Superior-inferior relationship

, 21

Sustainable energy

, 189

strategies in China and KSA

, 194–197

Tang Dynasty

, 16, 18–20

Technology

, 83

Chinese

, 36

industry

, 85

innovation

, 115

Text-mining-based approaches

, 118

Third-party overseas warehouse service

, 206

Tiananmen square

, 29–30, 37

Traditional education

, 229

Traditional spatial reasoning model

, 144

Transportation sector

, 195n4

Trust and business relationships

, 48

Asia

, 48

China

, 48–49

21st Century Maritime Silk Road

, 97

Two-stage semantic sequential dependence model framework (SSDM2 framework)

, 147

Ultimum refugium

, 42

Umayyad delegations

, 19

UNCITRAL Model Law

, 43, 47

United Arabia Emirates (UAE)

, 82

United Nations Commission on International Trade Law

, 43

Unskilled labors

, 185

“Value pricing” approach

, 235

Value-added services

, 204

Vuca period

, 189

Web

crawlers

, 117

page

, 117–118

text mining approach

, 118

White Paper on Digital Development

, 37–38

Win-win cooperation mechanism

, 97

Women

, 83

business entrepreneurs

, 82, 83–84

empowerment

, 80, 82–83, 92

Word cloud results analysis

, 110–111

Word segmentation algorithms

, 110

Word-level sentiment analysis

, 179

World Bank (WB)

, 1–2

World Intellectual Property Organization

, 4, 53

World Trade Organization

, 4

World Wide Web

, 164

Xinjiang Province

, 23, 178

XLORE (knowledge graphs)

, 159–161, 165

Yuan Mughal Dynasty of China

, 21

Yunnan Province

, 23

Zero-shot image classification

, 146

Zhihu

, 230–232

topics for

, 239

Zhihu Bookstore

, 231

Zhihu Live

, 11, 231–232, 236, 238, 240

Zhihu Live Payment

, 230

Zhishi.me

, 156–157, 160–161, 165

Zijin (Chinese state-owned enterprise)

, 47