Index
Yusuf Sidani
(American University of Beirut, Lebanon)
This content is currently only available as a PDF
Citation
Sidani, Y. (2019), "Index", A Spring Aborted, Emerald Publishing Limited, Leeds, pp. 179-187. https://doi.org/10.1108/978-1-78756-663-720191007
Publisher
:Emerald Publishing Limited
Copyright © 2019 Emerald Publishing Limited
INDEX
Abbas, Wael
, 35–36
Accountability, impunity and lack of
, 83–84
Ali, Azhari Muhammad
, 2–3
Al-Ja’ashin
, 21
Alkhareef alarabi
, 129
Al Qaeda
, 105, 106
Alwazir, Atiaf
, 24
Amer, Karim
, 35–36
Amnesty International
, 5–6, 19–20
Anxiety and shame among women
, 66
Arab alliance in Yemen
, 3–4
Arab autocracies
, 4
Arab Autumn
, 129
Arab culture
and women’s societal role
, 6
authoritarianism
, 90–91
collectivism
, 86, 86–87
hierarchical
, 87, 89
power distance
, 59–60, 85–86, 86
sexual violence
, 76–84, 91–93
accountability, impunity and lack of
, 83–84
blame the victim narrative
, 79–82
hierarchical cultures and
, 84–90
pre-meditated and ordered
, 77–79
women and honor in
, 67–76
Arab feminism
, 108–109
See also Feminism and Arab Spring
Arab Human Development Report
, 39
Arabian Peninsula
, 69–70
Arab nationalism
, 32–33
Arab Spring
, 3–4, 29, 129–130, 130–131, xvi–xvii
devastating outcomes of
, 129–130
economic and human development
, 32
economic shortages
, 37–41
in Egypt
, 115–116
estimated gross national income per capita
, 54–56
feminism and. See Feminism and Arab Spring
freedom deficits
, 32–37
gender development index
, 45–46
gender inequality index, value
, 49
labor force participation rate
, 50–52
participation indicators
, 47
protest movements
, 4–5
revolutions
, 39, 41–56
seats in parliament, share of
, 57
timeline
, 135
women situation
, 57–62
“Arab Women in the Twentieth Century”
, 101
Authoritarianism
, 16–17, 22–23, 36, 90–91, xi–xii, xii
corruption and
, 9
Authoritarian rule
, 87–88
adaptive capacity
, 134
hypocrisy
, xvi
resilience
, xvii
Autocracy
, 7
Autocratic mindset
, 7
Ba’ath party
, 101, 102, 102–103
Baltagiya
, 10–11, 12
Barlas, Asma
, 62
“Beirut Spring”
, 30–31
“Blame-the-victim” game
, 84–85, 79–82
Blogging
, 35–36
“Blue bra girl” (Egypt, 2011)
, 72, 73, 73–74
Bouazizi, Mohammed
, 23–24, 26
death
, 29–30
icon of the Arab Spring
, 26–27
self-immolation
, 39–40
British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC)
, 35–36
Carnegie Middle East
, 29–30
Censorship
, 34
Clinton, Hillary
, 72, 111, 111, 117–118
Cojean, Annick
, 19–20
Collectivism
, 86, 86–87, 87
Colonialism
, 130–131
Contemporary Islamic activism
, 133–134
Corruption
, 36
and the Arab Spring
, 32, 63, 88
and authoritarianism
, 9
and state capitalism
, 41
in Egypt
, 35–36, 41
in Iraq
, 132
in Lebanon
, 132
in Tunisia
, 25–26
in Yemen
, 22–23
Cronyism
, 36
Cultural revolution
, 113
Damascus Spring
, 29–30, 30
Dictatorships
, 16
Disempowerment
, 101, xii–xiii
Economic deprivation
, xii–xiii
The Economic Intelligence Unit, 2018
, 86
Economic policies
, 36
The Economist
, 86
‘Effa (chastity)
, 68
Egypt
, 35–36, 53, 78, 79
female genital mutilation in
, 109
freedoms in
, 35–36
influence of Saudi Arabia in
, 117–118
gender egalitarianism in
, 59–60
January 25th revolution in
, 20–21
military capitalism in
, 40–41
sexual harassment in
, 79
sexual violence in
, 65–66, 71
women activism in
, 115
violence against protestors
, 10–11
violence against women
, 12, 13–14, 14
virginity testing in
, 14, 77
Egyptian Awakening
, 35–36
Egyptian labor
, 9
Egyptian Medical Syndicate
, 77
Egyptian revolution
, 72
El-Assad, Bashar
, 18–19, 29–30
Western-educated change agent
, 29–30
El-Assad, Hafez
, 29–30
El-Bashir, Omar
, 5, 5–6, 6, 131
El-Saadawi, Nawal
, 108–126, 133
and Arab Spring
, 112–126
El-Sisi, Abdel Fattah
, 131
election as President
, 65–66
addressing sexual harassment
, 1
meeting with Omar El-Bashir
, 131
support by Nawal El-Saadawi
, 120
Entrepreneurs
, 11
Equality
, 99–100, 100–101
Feelings of guilt
, 74
Feelings of shame
, 74
Female
activism
, 6
chastity
, 70–71
disempowerment
, 90
honor
, 73–74
labor participation
, 53
power
, 60
in protest movement
, 74, 74–75
sexual slavery
, 91
See also Violence against women
Female genital mutilation (FGM)
, 109
“Female logic”
, 89–90
Feminism and Arab Spring
El-Saadawi, Nawal
, 108–126
Shaaban, Bouthaina
, 95–108
Feminism
, 57–58
and Islamists
, 123–124, 134
and protests
, 126
Bouthaina Shaaban
, 98
contributions to causes of Arab women
, 57–58
feminist movements
, 57–58
intimidated by regimes
, xvi
Islamic feminism
, 60–61, 98
Nawal El-Saadawi, an icon of
, 108–109, 111
religious agenda
, 123–124
Suzanne Mubarak
, 113–114
FIDH - International Federation for Human Rights, 2015
, 81–82
Firdaus
, 110, 110–111
“Flawed democracies”
, 86
Foreign Policy magazine
, 29
Fragmentation in Lebanon and Iraq
, 119
Freedoms limitation
, 36
Gender
development index
, 45–46
egalitarianism
, 59–60
indicators
, 47–48, xiv
inequities
, 22–23, 48
perspective and freedom
, 36
Gender Inequality Index (GII)
, 48, 48
value
, 49
Generalization about Arab countries
, 36–37
Global patriarchy
, 91–92
GLOBE cross-cultural study
, 59–60
“Good women”
, 80
Gulf News
, 27
Hariri, Rafik
, 30–31
Hasana
, 68
Hierarchical cultures and sexual violence
, 84–90
Honor in Arab culture
, 68
Honor crimes
, 19–20
Human Development Index
, 44
Human Rights groups
, 65–66
Human rights organizations
, 105
Human Rights Watch
, 19–20, 65–66, 105–106
Ibrahim, Samira
, 7–8
Income disparities
, 8–9
Individualism
, 86, 86–87
Ineffective societal structures
, 88
International Federation for Human Rights
, 19–20, 84
International Rescue Committee
, 19–20
Ird
, 68, 70
ISIS
, 3–4, 106
Islam
, 3, 5, 60–61, 61
and disempowerment of women
, 61–62
and honor
, 70–71
and secular forces in Arab society
, 134
equity accorded to women
, 98
liberating perspective on women
, 61
misinterpreting or deforming Islam
, 3, 5, 96–97
Islamic movements
, 133–134
Islamic history
, 43–44, 43–44
Islamic law (shari’a)
, 5
Islamic texts and jurisprudence
, 61
Islamism
, 134
January 25 revolution
, 10, 11, 20–21, 123, 126–127, 132
Justice system and sexual crime cases
, 84
“Kandaka”
, 1–2, 2
Karman, Tawakul
, 20–21, 23
Kashf
, 14
Khareef
, 129
Labor force participation rates
, 53, 50–52
Labor migration
, 37–38
Lack of opportunities
, xii–xiii
Le Cri étouffé
, 19–20
Legal structure and working women
, 59
Majd (glory)
, 68
Male
body
, 66
culture
, 110–111
domination over women
, 67
protestors
, 74–75
See also Female; Muscularity
“Male logic”
, 89–90
Marginalization
, 4–5
Mass sexual assaults
, 65–66
Mernissi, Fatima
, 98
Middle East cluster
, 59–60
Military capitalism
, 9, 40–41, 41
Military Operated Enterprises (MOEs)
, 41
Military ruling class and shari’a
, 5
Mixed-gender repressive arrangement
, xvii
Mubarak era
, 113–114
Mubarak, Hosni
, 7–8, 9–10
Mubarak, Jamal
, 11
Mubarak, Suzanne
, 113–114, 116
Mukhabarat (intelligence)
, 74
Morsi, Muhammad
, 3–4, 123, 124
Muscularity
, 66
Muslim Brotherhood
, 116, 117–118, 120–121, 122, 123, 124
public denunciation
, 124
and Nawal El-Saadawi
, 122–123
assuming power in Egypt
, 123
Muslim/Islamic feminism
, 98
Myanmar
, 77–78
National Women’s Council in Egypt
, 81–82
Nationhood and patriotic commitment
, 88
The New York Times
, 6
Non-oil producing countries
, 37–38, 38
Obama-Spring
, 130
“Occupy Wall Street” movements
, 112–113
Oil-rich Arab countries
, 37–38
Palestinian diaspora
, 32–33
Palestinian issue as alibi for autocracy
, 32–33
Palestinian uprising
, 101
Patriarchy
, 91
“People want a regime change”
, xiii–xiv, 27–28
Political arm-wrestling
, 66–67
Political empowerment
, 100–101
Political instability
, 89
Political maneuvering
, 66–67
Political participation, women in Parliament
, 53
Politically motivated sexual violence
, 75–76, 80
Poverty
, 39–40
in Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region
, 40
Power, democratic transition
, xiv
Power distance
, 85, 85–86
and collectivism
, 87
Pre-marital sex
, 70–71, 74
Pseudospring
, 129–130
Qur’an
, 70
Rape
, 75, 76
weapon of mass destruction
, 19–20
Rasha, victim of virginity tests
, 13–14
Rauf Ezzat, Heba
, 60–61
Raziki, Karim
, 130–131
Religious discourse
, xi–xii
Religious extremism
, 107
Religious values
, 43–44
Rohingya in Myanmar
, 77–78
Sadat, Anwar
, 10, 112
Sahafīyāt Bilā Quyūd
, 20–21
Salafis and Muslim Brotherhood
, 116
Salah, Alaa
, 1–2, 132–133
Saleh, Ali Abdallah
, 21–22
Sectarianism
, 107
Secular revolution
, 123
Security forces
, 12
Sexual assault
, 71
Sexual harassment
, 71, 75–76
Sexual objectification, female body
, 66
Sexual violence
, 17, 66–67, 75, 75, 75–76, 76–84, 91–93
accountability, impunity and lack of
, 83–84
as a bargaining chip
, 75–76
blame the victim narrative
, 79–82
hierarchical cultures and
, 84–90
in Latin American military dictatorships
, 81
pre-meditated and ordered
, 77–79
rape
, 75, 76
Rohingya in Myanmar
, 75–76
in Syria
, 19
See also Violence
Shaaban, Bouthaina
, 95–108
Arab Spring and
, 107–108
social and political thought
, 96–104
speaking on behalf of the regime
, 104–107
Shaheed
, 71
Sharaf
, 68
sharaf al-mar’ah (sharaf specific to women)
, 68
sharaf al-rajul (sharaf specific to men)
, 68
Shari’a (Islamic law)
, 5, 122
Sheikh
, 21
Social freedoms
, 42
Social media and women’s movement
, 132–133
Social participation
, 36–37
“Spilling Arab blood”
, 106
State authoritarianism
, 87, 90, 91
State capitalism
, 40–41, 41
State feminism
, 131–132, 131–132
State-owned media
, 34–35
Sudan
, 34
crackdown on opposition
, 5–6
gender inequities
, 48
internet in
, 34
protests in
, 1–2
Salah’s poem
, 2–3
transitional military council
, 5–6
violence against women
, 7
women’s political participation
, 105–106
Sudanese military
, 6
Sudanese woman
, 1–2, 2
Suleiman, Fadwa
, 15, 15
Supreme Council of the Armed Forces (SCAF)
, 11–12
Syria
historic political role of women
, 100
Iranian influence
, 3–4, 15–16, 104–105, 106–107
poverty in
, 39
presence in Lebanon
, 30–31
protest in Homs
, 15
violence against protestors
, 15–16
violence against women
, 17, 75
Syrian Accountability Project
, 20
Syrian domination of Lebanese politics
, 30–31
Syrian revolution
, 15–16, 18–19
Tahrir Square
, 8, 10, 12
Telegraph
, 27–28
Tent city
, 21
Terrorism
, 107
Thawra (revolution)
, 2–3, 7–8
Thobe
, 2
Tunisia
and An-Nahda party
, 133
and Mohammed Bouazizi
, 24–25
flawed democracy
, 86
protests in
, 26
violence against protestors
, 26
women in
, 132
Traditional Arab autocracies
, 4
Transgressions
, 72–73
‘Uluw (highness)
, 68
Unemployment
, 8–9, 26, 38
United Nations Development Programme (UNDP)
, 44
Video footage
, 12
and attacks
, 22
Violence
, 7, 10–11, 71
against female protestors
, 80
and harassment
, 65–66
See also Sexual violence
Violence against women
Cairo, Egypt
, 7–14
Homs, Syria
, 15–20
Khartoum, Sudan
, 1–7
Sana’a, Yemen
, 20–24
Sidi Bouzid, Tunisia
, 24–28
Virginity tests
, 14, 67–68, 71, 73, 74, 80, xv–xvi
Wahhabism
, 107
A Woman in the Crossfire: Diaries of the Syrian Revolution
, 18–19
Women
and Arab Spring
, 131–134
and honor in Arab culture
, 67–76
and legitimacy to protest movements
, xv, 6, 23, 74–75, 132–133
bodies
, 66–67
dishonoring
, xv
educational opportunities
, 58–59
emancipation
, 102
regulatory framework
, 59
political involvement
, 100
seclusion and disempowerment
, 43–44
unemployed
, xiii
“Women in Politics and Society”
, 98
Women Journalists without Chains
, 20–21
Women’s bodies, social encounters
, 66
Women’s Union
, 102–103
World Bank indicators
, 38
World Press Freedom Index 2011/2012
, 34
Yazbek, Samar
, 18, 18–19
Yemen
, 3–4
demonstrations in
, 20–21
gender inequities in
, 48, 53
National Dialogue Conference
, 23
poverty in
, 39
violence against protestors
, 22
violence against women
, 23–24
- Prelims
- Chapter 1 Women of the Arab Spring: Violence against Women as a Means of Political Repression
- Chapter 2 Why the Arab Spring?
- Chapter 3 Women, Honor, and Sexual Violence
- Chapter 4 Feminism and the Arab Spring
- Chapter 5 “Arab Spring” or “Arab Autumn”?
- Appendix: Arab Spring Timeline
- Notes
- References
- Index