Acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT)

, 140

Activities to promote transformation

hero’s journey

, 129–130

spiritual practices

, 126–129

training and development practices

, 122–125

ACT. See Acceptance and commitment therapy

Alexander the Great

, 22

Ali, Muhammad

, 4, 39, 42–44, 46, 66–72, 146

Allison, S. T.

, 107, 108, 110, 111, 113, 115, 116, 119, 134, 139

Altruism

, 115

Archetypes

, 25, 26

Asch, Solomon

, 13, 44, 45

Attribution theories

, 15

Automatic meaning-making

, 10–17

Autonomy

, 120–121

Avolio, B. J.

, 86

Bad versus good

, 33–39

Banks, George

, 128

Bannister, Roger

, 16

Barriers to transformation

, 137–140

Basic law of rumor

, 18

Bass, B. M.

, 86

Battle Hymn of the Republic

, 66

Baumeister, R. F.

, 33–35, 38

Bebbington, K.

, 36

Bergen, P.

, 131

Berle, Milton

, 55, 56

Berry, Chuck

, 55, 59

Big Iron

, 8–9, 10, 18, 22, 33

Big John

, 22

Black, Bill

, 54

Black Lives Matter

, 94

Blagojevich, Rod

, 94, 95

Blink (Malcolm Gladwell)

, 11

Bogart, Humphrey

, 2, 103–104, 128

Bratslavsky, E.

, 33

Brownell, Herbert

, 62

Brown, Roger

, 18

Brown vs Board of Education

, 41

Bruner, Jerome

, 31

Burns, James MacGregor

, 47, 74–76, 78–80, 86, 92, 99, 118, 151

criteria of transforming leadership

, 102

Bush, George H. W.

, 45

transforming leadership

, 90, 95

Calling (motivational transformation)

, 111

Camelot (musical)

, 31

Campbell, Joseph

, 83, 105, 107, 110, 111, 114, 116, 119–122, 135, 138, 149–152

Cantril, Hadley

Invasion from Mars, The

, 19

Carlston, D. E.

, 37

Carter, Jimmy

, 48

Casablanca

, 2, 103, 128, 142

Charisma

, 13, 74, 85, 99, 152

Charismatic leadership

, 86, 87

Chicago Cubs MVP

, 11

Child-rearing

, 125, 133

Christmas Carol, A

, 128

Churchill, Winston

, 79–80

Civil Rights Act of 1964

, 64

Civil rights movement

, 62, 146

Clay, Cassius Marcellus, Jr. See Ali, Muhammad

Clemente, Roberto

, 3

Clinical psychology

, 97

Clinton, Bill

, 28, 29, 45, 72

Clinton, Hillary

, 29, 91, 94

Closure

, 9, 10

need for

, 20–21

Coercion

, 76

Cognitive dissonance theory

, 19

Collective behavior

, 18

Compassion

, 109, 123

Competence

, 82

Competition

, 75

Connors, Phil

, 128

Correspondence bias

, 16

Cosmic understanding of heroic transformation

, 113

Courage

, 43, 46, 47, 51, 83, 84, 93, 111, 121, 123, 124, 129, 136, 141

Creative leadership

, 86

Crudup, Arthur

, 54

Csikszentmihalyi, Mihaly

, 126

Curphy, G. J.

, 79

Dark mentors

, 139

Dark triad

, 95, 96

Davis, Jefferson

, 73, 93

Declaration of Independence

, 60

Dependency

, 120–121

Developmental growth

, 111

Developmental psychologists

, 106

Diana, Princess

, 85

Dissent

, 44–46

Domino, Fats

, 55

Dorsey, Jimmy

, 54

Dorsey, Tommy

, 54

Doyle, Arthur Conan

, 2, 25, 32

Hound of the Baskervilles, The

, 7, 10

Dread rumors versus wish rumors

, 18

D’Souza, Dinesh

, 94

Eastwood, Clint

, 22

Ed Sullivan Show

, 56, 57

Education, and heroic transformation

, 130–131

Egocentricity

, 101, 112, 119–120, 142

Einstein, Albert

, 103, 150

Eisenhower, Dwight D.

, 62

Ellison, M. T.

, 36

Emancipation Proclamation

, 73

Emotional arousal

, 91–92

Emotional transformations

, 109

Empathy

, 123

Enlightenment

, 108, 109

Erikson, E.

, 118

Esteves, F.

, 35

Eudaimonia

, 140, 141

Everly Brothers

, 58

Exposure to traumatic events

, 138

Extraversion

, 46

Eyewitness to Power (David Gergen)

, 23

Factionalism

, 88

Fay, N.

, 36

Festinger, Leon

, 19, 147

Field of Dreams

, 32

Finkenauer, C.

, 33

Fiske, S. T.

, 35

Flexner, James Thomas

, 23

Fontana, D. J.

, 54

Ford, Gerald

, 48

Forgiveness

, 126, 127

Fourteenth Amendment

, 62

Franco, Z. E.

, 140

Frankl, Viktor

Man’s Search for Meaning

, 128

Frazier, Joe

, 70, 71

Freedom Rides

, 63

Freud, Sigmund

, 13, 23, 27, 30, 47, 86, 90

Three Essays on the Theory of Sexuality

, 106

on transforming leadership

, 91–92

Frontiers in Psychology

, 1

Fundamental attribution error

, 16

Gandhi, Mahatma

, 52, 83, 86, 135

Gardner, Howard

, 43, 47, 48, 51, 75, 77, 81, 93

Generosity

, 51, 105, 126, 127, 132

Gennep, Arnold van

, 113

Gergen, David

, 23–24, 27, 30

Eyewitness to Power

, 23

Gilbert, D. T.

, 24

Gilovich, T.

, 35

Gipp, George

, 27

Gladwell, Malcolm

Blink

, 11

Goethals, G. R.

, 107, 108, 111, 113, 115, 116, 119, 134

Goffman, E.

, 30

Good mentorship, absence of

, 139

Good versus bad

, 33–39

Grant, Ulysses S.

, 83, 136

Gratitude

, 127

Grice, Le

, 108

Groundhog Day

, 128

Guernica

, 82

Haley, Bill

, 41, 55

Handbook of Heroism and Heroic Leadership

, 1

Hanh, Thich Nhat

, 106, 127, 128, 150, 151

Harding, Warren C.

, 12, 25

Hawking, Stephen

, 105

Hayes, S. C.

, 140

Healing

, 111–112

Heider, Fritz

, 15

Heroic images, construction of

, 30–33

Heroic Imagination Project

, 123

Heroic lag

, 146–147

Heroic leadership dynamic (HLD) framework

, 98, 116

Heroic traits

, 149

Heroic transformation

, 103–143

education and

, 130–131

internal and external sources of

, 113–119

overview of

, 105–110

purpose of

, 110–113

religion and

, 132

types of

, 108–110

Heroic transforming leadership

, 5, 73–102, 151

definition of

, 82–87

Heroism-guided purpose

, 130

Heroism Science literature

, 1, 4

Heroism Science (journal)

, 1

Hero’s journey

, 129–130

Heschel, Abraham

, 111

Hierarchy of needs approach

, 76, 114, 131, 138, 148

Hillman, J.

, 97

Hitler, Adolf

, 50–51, 78, 87

HLD. See Heroic leadership dynamic framework

Hogan, J.

, 79

Hogan, R.

, 79

Hogg, Michael

, 29

Hollander, E. P.

, 118–119

Holly, Buddy

, 58

Hound of the Baskervilles, The (Arthur Conan Doyle)

, 7, 10, 18

House, R. J.

, 86

Howe, Julia Ward

, 66

How the Grinch Stole Christmas

, 128

Human transgression

, 114–115

Humility

, 81, 126–127, 134

Huxley, Aldous

, 39

Implicit leadership theories

, 16

Impression formation, primacy effects in

, 13–14

Informal social communication

, 8

Informational social influence

, 45

Intergroup conflict

, 88

Invasion from Mars, The (Hadley Cantril)

, 19

Jackie

, 31

Jackson, Andrew

, 13

Jackson, Joe

, 32

James, Bill

, 10–11

James, William

, 50, 106, 115, 127–128, 132, 141

Varieties of Religious Experience, The

, 105

Jesus

, 52

Jim Crow segregation

, 42

Johnny Carson effect

, 99

Johns, Barbara

, 42

Johnson, Lyndon B.

, 48, 64, 65, 70

John XXIII, Pope

, 51, 75, 78

Journal of Humanistic Psychology

, 1

Jung, Carl

, 25, 137–138, 141

Kahneman, D.

, 35

Keegan, John

, 22–23

Keisker

, 53

Kennedy, Jacqueline

, 31

Kennedy, John F. (JFK)

, 28–32, 62, 63, 87

Cuban Missile Crisis speech

, 77

Kennedy, Robert

, 63

King, Coretta

, 62

King, Martin Luther, Jr.

, 4, 39, 42, 44, 46, 52, 54, 59–66, 79, 84–86, 146, 147, 150

“I Have a Dream” speech

, 64

“Letter from a Birmingham Jail,”

, 63

King, Martin Luther, Sr. (Daddy King)

, 62–63

Knox, Buddy

, 58

Knute Rockne, All American

, 27

Kodachrome

, 24

Koffka, Kurt

, 9

Kohen, A.

, 122–124

Kohlberg, L.

, 99

Ku Klux Klan

, 136

Langdon, M.

, 122–123

Leader archetypes

, 25, 26

Leader–follower relationship

, 119

Leader schemas

, 11–13

Leadership

charismatic

, 86, 87

creative

, 86

definition of

, 74–80

effectiveness

, 133

motivation and

, 78, 151

mystery and mystification in

, 22

qualities of

, 13

romance of

, 16

schemas

, 16

unwavering independence and

, 46–50

Leader’s perception

mystery and mystification in

, 22–25

sweet imagination of

, 25–30

LeBon, Gustave

, 90, 92

Letting go

, 127

Lewin, Kurt

, 21

Leyens, J. P.

, 37

Libby, Scooter

, 94

Lincoln, Abraham

, 3, 66, 73–74, 75, 81, 84, 87, 104

assassination of

, 32

transforming leadership

, 88–89, 96, 99, 101, 102

Lind, E. A.

, 119

Love (transformative power of)

, 128

Lover’s perception

sweet imagination of

, 25–30

Loving kindness

, 128–129

Lowcock, Mark

, 130

Lundqvist, D.

, 35

Machiavellianism

, 96

MacLeod, C.

, 36

Malala Yousafzai

, 105

Mandela, Nelson

, 33, 83, 84, 130, 135

Man’s Search for Meaning (Viktor Frankl)

, 128

Marshall, George

, 81–82

Marshall Plan

, 81

Marshall, Thurgood

, 42

Martin, Joe

, 67

Mary Poppins

, 128

Maslow, Abraham

, 118–120

hierarchy of needs approach

, 76, 114, 131, 138, 148

Maugham, Somerset

Of Human Bondage

, 92

Mays, Willie

, 134, 135

McCain, John

, 91, 97

Meaning-making

, 4

automatic

, 10–17

basics of

, 9–10

from partial information

, 14–15

ubiquity of

, 15

Mental transformations

, 109–110

Mentorship, temporal sequencing of

, 117–118

Milgram, S.

, 115

Milhado, P.

, 97–98

Mine Eyes Have Seen the Glory of the Coming of the Lord

, 66

Montgomery Bus Boycott

, 42, 61–62, 79

Montgomery Improvement Society

, 60

Moore, Scotty

, 53, 54

Morality

, 3, 5, 43, 50, 52, 77, 80, 82, 87, 95, 99, 100, 102, 110, 118, 127, 148, 149, 151, 152

post-conventional

, 81

Moral transformations

, 110

Morewedge, C. K.

, 37

Morison, Samuel Eliot

Oxford History of the American People

, 31–32

Motivational transformation

, 110

Motivation, and leadership

, 78, 151

Muhammad, Elijah

, 69

Munroe, Bill

, 54

Mystery

, 7–10, 13, 14, 33, 34, 37, 38, 119, 142–143, 145, 146, 151

in perception of leaders

, 22–25

resolving information, search for

, 17–20

Mystification, in perception of leaders

, 22–25

Mythology

, 117

NAACP. See National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP)

Narcissism

, 46, 95

Narcissistic personality disorder

, 139–140

National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP)

, 62

Need-based heroism

, 99

Negative agency bias

, 37

Nixon, Richard

, 28–29, 48, 62, 70

Nonconformity

, 44–47

Normative social influence

, 45

Obama, Barack

, 33, 91, 92

transforming leadership

, 89–90, 99

“Yes We Can” campaign

, 86–87

Obedience

, 91

Oehman, A.

, 35

Opportunities for transformation

, 138

Pandey, S.

, 131

Park, B.

, 36

Parks, Rosa

, 60, 61

Partial information

image construction or drawing conclusion from

, 15–16

meaning-making from

, 14–15

and rumor transmission

, 18

Partial transformation

, 135–137

Patton, George

, 78

Peace Democrats

, 75

Perceptual readiness

, 30–33

Perkins, Carl

, 54

Personality traits

, 46

Phillips, Sam

, 53, 56

Physical transformation

, 108–109

Picasso, Pablo

, 82

Portman, Natalie

, 31

Post-conventional morality

, 81

Presley, Elvis

, 4, 39, 42–43, 44, 46, 52–59, 85, 146

Primacy effects

in impression formation

, 13–14

meaning-making from partial information

, 14–15

Procedural justice

, 119

Prototypical group member

, 12–13

Psychological flexibility

, 140

Psychological transformation

, 108, 109, 122

Psychopathy

, 96

Rank, Otto

, 107

Reagan, Ronald

, 23, 26–28, 48, 82

Redemption

, 110

Religion, and heroic transformation

, 132

Resilience

, 50, 111, 124, 126, 129

Resourcefulness

, 129

Reward

, 76

Richard, Little

, 55, 57

Riches, B. R.

, 122–123

Rick Blaine (character)

, 2, 142–143

Rickey, Branch

, 42

Rituals

, 124–125

Robinson, Jackie

, 41, 42, 83

Rock ‘n’ Roll

, 55, 56, 58, 59

Rohr, R.

, 114, 132, 133, 150, 151

Rolling Stones, The

, 58

Romance, definition of

, 3

Romance of leadership

, 16, 152

bias

, 17

Roosevelt, Franklin Delano (FDR)

, 29, 82, 87

transforming leadership

, 89

Rothbart, M.

, 36

Rumors

basic law of

, 18

dread versus wish

, 18

transmission of

, 18, 19

of violence

, 18

Ryan, Paul

, 96

Sabrina

, 128

Salience

, 50–52

Salk, Jonas

, 42

Schemas

leader

, 11–13

leadership

, 16

role in social perception

, 10–11

Scrooge, Ebenezer

, 128

SDI. See Strategic Defense Initiative (SDI)

Self-actualization

, 135

Self-control

, 126

Self-efficacy

, 47, 124

Self-esteem

, 43, 44, 50, 51, 77–79, 89, 119

Self-expansiveness

, 112

Self-ignorance

, 137

Sense of accomplishment

, 50

Setterberg, G. C.

, 110

Shakespeare, William

, 38

Shamir, B.

, 86

Sharp, Daryl

, 101, 150

Sherlock Holmes (character)

, 2, 7, 32, 83

Simon, Paul

, 24, 30

Simonton, D. K.

, 25

Skowronski, J. J.

, 37

Smith, G.

, 108, 139

Social class stereotypes

, 15, 16

Social cognition

, 38

Social environment of the hero

, 117

Social identity theory

, 12, 36, 50–52

Sociocentricity

, 119–120, 142

“Spaghetti Westerns”

, 22

Sperry, L.

, 121

Spiritual practices

, 126–129

Spiritual transformations

, 109

Spiritual understanding of heroic transformation

, 113

Spontaneous trait inferences

, 15

Stagnation to growth

, 121–122

Stanton, Edwin

, 32–33

Stargell, Willie

, 134, 135

Steve Allen Show

, 55, 56

Stewart, Jimmy

, 27

Stewart, Martha

, 94, 95

Strategic Defense Initiative (SDI)

, 23

Strosahl, K. D.

, 140

Sullenberger, Chesley (“Sully”)

, 83

Superheroes

, 2

Svoboda, E.

, 123

Tao Te Ching

, 134

Theory of lifelong development

, 118

Three Essays on the Theory of Sexuality (Sigmund Freud)

, 106

Tolle, Eckhart

, 150

Transcendence

, 109

Transforming leadership

definition of

, 78–82

heroic

, 5, 73–102

Transmutation

, 108–109

Truman, Harry S.

, 41, 81

Trump, Donald J.

, 5, 74, 77

as puer aeternus

, 96–102, 148

vs transforming presidential leadership

, 87–96

Tversky, A.

, 35

Tyler, J.

, 119

Uncertainty

, 4, 5, 8, 18–20, 22, 24, 33, 35, 38, 39, 145, 147, 148, 151, 152

pleasures of

, 25

Urban League

, 62

US Civil War

, 11–12

Varieties of Religious Experience, The (William James)

, 105

Victimhood

, 138–139

Vohs, K. D.

, 33

Voting Rights Act of 1965

, 65

War of the Worlds (Orson Wells)

, 20, 21

Warren, Earl

, 42

Warren Harding Error

, 11, 25

Washington, George

, 13, 23, 84–85, 87, 88

Washington, Martha

, 85

Wayne, John

, 27

Weber, M

, 29, 85, 86

Weiner, B.

, 35

Wells, Orson

War of the Worlds

, 20, 21

We Shall Overcome

, 65

Whistleblowers

, 115

Whitechurch, E. R.

, 24

Wilson, K. G.

, 140

Wilson, T. D.

, 24

Winfrey, Oprah

, 85

Wisdom

, 84, 106, 110, 113, 139, 141

Women, as transformers

, 132–134

World Trade Center attack (1993)

, 131

Xenophobic racial profiling

, 32–33

“Yes We Can” campaign

, 86–87

Yzerbyt, V. Y.

, 37

Zeigarnik, Bluma

, 21

Zeigarnik effect

, 21

Zimbardo, P.

, 120–121, 123, 142