Abstraction

, 2–3

of ‘gesture’

, 3–4

chain of

, 3

‘Acknowledgments’

, 171

Actions

, 33, 192–202, 208, 209–210, 224

Active witnesses (theorai)

, 200–201

Additive ‘bandwidth’

, 25

Affordances

, 131

Agency

, 234

Agent

, 230–233, 235, 237

Agent-shapes-scene (P(SA))

, 237–238

Alphabet

, 68

Analytical categories

, 230

Animal languages

, 66

Anti-democratic character

, 215

Anti-positivist methodologists

, 95

‘Anti-social’ behaviour

, 34

‘Anti-sociality’ problems

, 223

Apodeictic deixis

, 201–202

Apologia

, 216

Association of Internet Researchers

, 17

Audience

, 184

Auditory effect

, 32–33

Behavioural level

, 65, 66, 83–84

Behaviourist empiricism

, 82–83

Broadcast technologies

, 105

Burke’s pentad

, 233–234

Cartesian space

, 107–108

Catholic notion of mediation

, 143

Chaos theory

, 1, 18

Chomskyan linguistics

, 67–68

Cipher

, 69

Co-action

, 208, 209

Code as language

, 66–70

Coding

, 22–23

Cognitive/cognition

, 125–126

linguistics

, 68–69

process and context

, 35

semantics

, 68–69

Coherence

, 206

coherent objects

, 1

Colloquialisms

, 21

Communication

, 2, 4–6, 12–13, 59, 60, 64–65, 76, 99, 100, 101, 102–103, 155, 162, 191, 201, 205–206, 220

computer-mediated

, 8, 15, 24, 25, 27, 34, 51, 152–153

continuous intersubjectivity

, 12–13

and control

, 21–22, 24

dimensions

, 227–241

electronically and digitally mediated forms

, 7

explosion of forms

, 225

functions

, 119–126

fundamental gestural character of

, 227

importance of deictic, epideictic, and phatic aspects

, 201–202

of information

, 70–78

media

, 24–25

mediated spaces

, 225–226

and mediation

, 127–133

modes

, 135, 137

relational dimensions in communication philosophy and theory

, 231

as rhetorical

, 189–190

skill

, 38

as space-making

, 148–154

spaces of

, 115

studies

, 18

Communicators

, 102, 152

Communities

, 13

Competition

, 218

Complexity theory

, 18

Comprehension

, 82

Computer-mediated communication

, 8, 15, 24, 25, 27, 34, 51, 152–153

Conative function of language

, 121–122

Conceptualizing spaces

, 107–108

Confirmation bias

, 36–37

Connotation

, 46

Consciousness

, 5–6

Conservative rhetoric

, 211–212

of ‘Real America’

, 214

Constitutive rhetoric

, 188

Consubstantiality

, 180–181

CONTAINER metaphor

, 104, 105, 107, 115

Contemporary rhetorical theories

, 165

Contexts

, 85–91

collapse

, 21–22

Continuous intersubjectivity

, 13

communication

, 12–13

Conventional linguistics

, 70

Conventional sociolinguistic methods

, 56

“Conversation for action”

, 33–34

“Conversation for social maintenance”

, 33–34

Cooperation

, 218

Counting

, 22–23

Credibility

, 201

Crisis

, 178

Critical theory

, 76

Cues-reduced models

, 25, 27

Cultural studies

, 76

Culture

, 128, 130–131

Curative rhetoric

, 214

Cybernetics

, 58, 62, 67, 70, 99, 123, 143, 164

Cyberpragmatics

, 57

Cyberselves

, 47–51

Cyberspace

, 116–117, 130–131, 132

‘Dark side’ of epideictic

, 211, 212–213

Data

, 92–93

Datum

, 78–79

Declaration of Mental Independence (Owen)

, 212–213

Deflection of reality

, 183–184

Degenerative relational processes

, 210

Deictic

, 118

communication

, 160–161

Deixis

, 118, 166, 201–202

in language

, 119, 127

Deliberative rhetoric communication

, 166

Denotation

, 46

Denunciation

, 216

Destination

, 59

Digital

codes

, 10, 11

community

, 17

identities

, 47–51

interaction

, 42

metaphysics

, 99

ontology

, 99

para-language

, 30–38

philosophy

, 99

technologies

, 105

text interaction

, 53

Digital communication

, 22

technologies

, 107

Digital discourse

, 20

language and para-language

, 22–29

Digital media

, 131

phatic character of

, 190

researchers

, 17

technologies

, 221, 226–227

Digital pragmatics

, 29–55

digital identities and cyberselves

, 47–51

digital para-language

, 30–38

emoji

, 43–47

emoticons

, 38–43

orality and literacy

, 51–55

redux

, 55–58

Digitally networked communications

, 226

technologies

, 89, 104–105

Digitally networked textual media

, 28

Discourse

, 178

epideictic dimension of

, 187

Discrete analysis method

, 17–18

Discrete relations

, 109

Doxa

, 183

Dramatism

, 104

E-messages functions

, 34

Effective level

, 65

Effects

, 10, 11, 14

Egocentricity

, 5

Electronic communications technologies

, 103

Electronic paralanguage

, 31

Embodied spatial orientation

, 102

Emoji

, 43–47

Emotes

, 29–30

Emoticons

, 38–43

Emotion(s)

, 39–40, 169, 172–173

emotional content

, 65

indicators

, 40

‘Emotional female’ stereotype

, 48

‘Emotive-rhetorical’ content

, 46

Enactment of relations

, 102–108

Enthymeme

, 168

Environmental information (see Information as reality)

Environmental medium

, 128–130

Epideictic

audience role

, 178

deixis

, 201–202

dimension

, 182–183, 187

discourse

, 212

enactment of reality

, 184–188

of ideology

, 177–184

speech

, 182

territorializes

, 218–219

Epideictic function

, 166–174

of discourse and communication

, 177

of rhetorical exclusion

, 211

Epideictic rhetoric

, 188

ommunication

, 166

Epideiktikon

, 187

Episteme

, 177–178

Equal role

, 86

Ethics of information

, 91–98

Ethnicity

, 49–50

Ethnographic study

, 31

Ethnomethodology

, 197

Ethos

, 167, 171, 173–174, 177, 181

Euclidean space

, 107–108

Experiential function of language

, 125

Explicitly epideictic discourse

, 182

Expressions

, 209–210

Expressive function of language

, 121–122

Face-to-face

conversation

, 22

interaction

, 24, 32, 41–42, 54, 85–86, 116

Facework

, 26–27

‘Feedback’

, 37, 62, 65–66

‘Feminine’ style

, 48

Fields of argument

, 93

Forensic rhetoric communication

, 166

FORUM conferencing system on ARPANET

, 24

‘Freedom’

, 217

Owen’s definition of

, 213

‘Function’

, 123–124

Functional approaches

, 122–123

Gender

, 49–50

Generative relational processes

, 210

Gesture

, 4, 6, 33, 46, 202–205, 227

abstraction of

, 3–4

of liking

, 226

territorializes

, 202

Gibson’s theory

ecological theory of visual perception

, 128

of perception

, 132

Google Maps

, 110–112

Grammars

, 87, 151

of motives

, 233–234

Graph theory

, 109

Hand gestures

, 204

Hermeneutic horizon

, 94

Home Territories (Morely)

, 104

Human geography theories

, 106

Human language

, 69

Hume’s Law

, 177

Hyper-social

, 221

Hyperpersonal communication

, 36–37

Ideational function of language

, 121–122, 125

Ideational metafunction

, 126

Identity

, 50

Ideology

, 189

epideictic and materiality of

, 177–184

Illocutionary force

, 39–40

indicators

, 40

Illocutionary interaction

, 196

Immaterial’ labour

, 104

Immateriality

, 104

Incivility

, 215–216

Indicative gesture

, 203

Individual interlocutor

, 184, 185

Industrial Revolution

, 103

Information

, 46, 78–85, 99, 100, 165, 191–202

mathematical theory of information transmission

, 3

as reality

, 192–194

for reality

, 192–194

about reality

, 192–194

reception

, 162

source

, 59

spaces

, 117

theory

, 58, 59, 62, 67, 70, 75, 123, 143

Information richness theory

, 26

Information-carrying capacity

, 26

Informative communication

, 155–156, 162

Informative function

, 159

Instructional communication

, 90–91

Intellective space

, 117

Intellectual function

, 120

Intentional actor

, 100–101

Intentionality

, 100

Inter/Media

, 23

Interaction

, 2, 5–6

digital

, 42

face-to-face

, 24, 32, 41–42, 54, 85–86, 116

illocutionary

, 196

locutionary

, 196

modes of

, 146–147

order

, 197–198

perlocutionary

, 196

synchronous machine-mediated

, 30

text-based

, 47–48

textual

, 41–42

Interaction dimensions

, 191

dimensions of communication

, 227–241

gesture

, 202–205

information, rhetoric, and action

, 192–202

meaning making

, 205–217

mediational means of territorialization

, 217–227

planes of indication

, 236

rhetorical dimensions of information and communication theory

, 228–229

vectors of indication in interaction

, 238

Interactional processes

, 17, 209

Interactional technologies

, 226

Interactive written discourse

, 52

Intercultural communication

, 141

Interface-specific effect

, 23

Internet communications technologies (ICTs)

, 14

Interpellation

, 109–110

Interpersonal function of language

, 121–122

Interpersonal noise

, 27

Interpretant domain

, 199

Interpretation

, 82

Interpretive method

, 93

Intra-action

, 207

Intra-subjectivity

, 207

Invective discourse

, 213–214, 216

Isolates

, 10, 14

Jakobson’s model

, 121

Kairos

, 200–201

Kaomoji

, 43

“Keyboard-to-screen” communication

, 23

Knowledge

, 99, 219

Language

, 5–6, 19–20, 22–29, 70–78, 118, 119–120, 123, 146–147, 222

as code

, 66–70

deixis in

, 119, 127

functions

, 120, 185

human

, 134

metafunctions

, 121, 122

skill

, 38

as social action

, 75

as social interaction

, 125

spoken

, 133–134

written

, 6–7, 68

Langue

, 67

‘Liking’, gesture of

, 226

Linear transmission of message

, 100

Linguistic approach

, 20, 150

Linguistic-pragmatic

function

, 44

indicators

, 39–40

Linguistics

, 71

Linking function of language

, 124

Liquid sociality

, 113–114

‘Liquid space’ metaphors

, 113–114

Literacy

, 50–55

Literate-written language

, 52

Location-based social networks

, 111

Locative media

, 110–111

Locutionary interaction

, 196

Logic proper

, 83

Logical function of language

, 121–122, 125

Logical positivism

, 82–83

Logos

, 167, 171, 173–174, 176, 219

Machine languages

, 66

Making meaning of information

, 100

communication and mediation

, 127–133

communication as space-making

, 148–154

functions of communication

, 119–126

mediation and mediational means

, 142–148

mediation and modality

, 133–142

of networks, and other political metaphors

, 108–114

space concept

, 102–108, 114–119

Market-based competition

, 112

‘Masculine’ features

, 48–49

Masse parlante functions

, 72–73

Materiality of ideology

, 177–184

Mathematical theory

of communication

, 59

of data communication

, 59

Mathematics

, 232

McLuhan’s media theory

, 144

Meaning

, 60, 91–98, 104, 160

Meaning-making

, 205–217

to spacemaking

, 119–126

Meaningful social act

, 162–163

Media (see also Digital media)

, 87, 127–128

communication

, 24–25

digitally networked textual

, 28

locative

, 110–111

richness theory

, 26

social

, 17, 89, 155–156

studies

, 76

technological

, 129

Mediated communication

, 132

Mediated discourse analysis

, 141

Mediated spaces of communication

, 225–226

Mediation

, 85–91, 149, 190

communication and

, 127–133

and mediational means

, 142–148

and modality

, 133–142

Mediational means

, 140–141, 220

mediation and

, 142–148

of territorialization

, 217–227

Medium

, 127–129, 143

Memory

, 99, 174–177

Mentation

, 124

Message

, 59, 64–65, 101

Meta-communication

, 22, 65–66, 90–91, 100, 149

Meta-communicative cues

, 84

Meta-linguistic function

, 121

“Metafunctions” of language

, 121

Michelangelo’s Finger

, 4–5

Mobile privitisation

, 105

Modality

, 87

mediation and

, 133–142

theory

, 87

Mode of information

, 140

reception

, 136

Mode(s)

, 87, 134–135, 149

communication

, 137

of interaction

, 146–147

of perception

, 146–147

of realization

, 171

of reception

, 146–147

of sensory perception

, 136, 140

Modern functional approaches

, 120

Modulation

, 139

Multi-user domain (MUD)

, 33

Multimodal interactional analysis

, 141

Multimodal method

, 138–139, 147

Multimodal semiotics

, 87

Mutual intelligibility

, 96

Narrative function

, 159

Negative entropy

, 2

Negative phatic communion

, 163

Neo-Aristotelian rhetorical criticism

, 167

Neo-sophistic approaches

, 165

Neoliberal epideictic

, 215

NETWORK metaphor

, 111, 114

Networks

, 108–114

networked computer messaging systems

, 24

theory

, 108–109

No Sense of Place

, 104

Nodes

, 108

Noise

, 59

Nominally democratic society

, 217

Non-emotional meaning indicators

, 40

Non-linguistic

, 20

Non-places

, 106

Non-pluralistic character

, 215

Non-verbal

betray

, 54

communication

, 11, 24, 28–29, 42, 125, 204

conveys

, 86

function

, 44, 84

information

, 41

interactional phenomena

, 20

modes

, 86

Normative judgments

, 184

Novelty

, 8–9

Ocularcentrism

, 87–88

Oral-spoken language

, 52

Orality

, 50–55

Ordinary spoken language

, 65

Ostension

, 4–5

Para-linguistic

, 22, 84, 88

betray

, 54

cue

, 37

elements

, 40

forms and expressions

, 31

‘Para’-language

, 22–29

Paradigms

, 93

Parole

, 67

Passive audiences (kritai)

, 200–201

Patheism

, 172

Pathology

, 172–173

Pathos

, 167, 168, 171, 172, 173–174, 177

Patterns

, 10, 14

Perceptual level

, 65, 66, 83–84

Perlocutionary interaction

, 196

Person

, 230–233, 235, 237

Person-agent (PA)

, 235–237

Person-subject (PS)

, 235–237

Person/object dimension

, 233

Phatic

communication

, 155–164

communion

, 156, 158, 159

function

, 121

Phenomenology

, 18

Philosophical pragmatism

, 82–83

Phonetic description

, 68

Pisteis

, 178, 181

Places

, 106, 115–116, 117

Platform-specific effect

, 23

Poetic function

, 121

Pointing

, 203

Politeness theory

, 26–27

Political metaphors

, 108–114

Polyphony

, 68

Positivistically oriented scholars

, 219–220

Pragmateia

, 178

Pragmatic(s)

, 57, 81–82

communication

, 149–150

discourse

, 170

function

, 159

rhetoric

, 168

Pragmatikon

, 187

Praxeis

, 178

Praxis

, 118

Pre-decoded information

, 79

Pre-encoded information

, 79

Pre-linguistic gestural character of communication

, 227

Pre-symbolic gestural character of communication

, 227

Presentational meaning (see Ideational function of language)

Proto-human cultures

, 205

Psychology

, 172–173

Pure grammar

, 83

Pure rhetoric

, 83

Qualitative method

, 93

Quality

, 37

Quantity

, 37

Quantum physics

, 18

Quasi-numbers

, 95

Race

, 49–50

Rationality

, 87–88, 191

‘Re-creative’ rhetorical criticism

, 167–168

Re-membering, rhetorical character of

, 174–177

‘Real America’, Conservative rhetoric of

, 214

Reality, epideictic enactment of

, 184–188

Reasoning

, 173, 191, 219

Receiver

, 38, 59, 63–64

Reception

, 100, 184

Recognition

, 82

Reflection of reality

, 183–184

Regimes of knowledge

, 93

Regulation of human behaviour

, 124

Regulative function

, 120

Relevance

, 201

theory

, 57, 151, 152

Representational function of language

, 121–122

Rhetoric

, 179, 192–202

conception

, 169–170

of orthodoxies

, 183

Rhetoric as making of meaning

communication

, 189–190

phatic communication

, 156–164

rhetorical pragmatics

, 164–188

‘Rhetoric of Hitler’s ‘Battle The’

, 211

Rhetorical performance

, 7

Rhetorical pragmatics

, 164–188

epideictic

, 166–174

epideictic and materiality of ideology

, 177–184

epideictic enactment of reality

, 184–188

memory

, 174–177

Rules systems

, 194

‘Sarcasm mark’

, 28

Saussure’s authentic linguistic theory

, 71

Saussure’s model

, 59

Scene-shapes-agent ((SA)P)

, 237–238

Scientific rationalism

, 172–173

“Second Persona, The” (Black)

, 180

Secondary orality

, 51

Selection of reality

, 183–184

Self-contained cybernetic-information system

, 99

Selves

, 13

Semantic(s)

, 81–82

communication

, 149–150

information

, 192–194

level

, 65, 66, 83–84

Semiology

, 59

of communication

, 71

Semiosis

, 88, 119–120

Semiotic(s)

, 58

codes

, 10, 11

ethics of information

, 91–98

language, and communication of information

, 70–78

language as code, code as language

, 66–70

signification and information

, 78–85

signification and mediation

, 85–91

social

, 72–73, 138–139

structuralist

, 75

theory

, 72–73

Semiotics of Emoji (Danesi)

, 44–45

Semiotik

, 59

Sender

, 38, 59

Sender-message-receiver

, 192

Sensory organs

, 63–64

Sets

, 10, 14

Shannon’s mathematical theory

, 59

Sign

, 9–10, 99–100

exchange

, 59

language

, 205

Sign-making act

, 75–76

Signal

, 59

transmission

, 59

Signification

and information

, 78–85

and meaning

, 91–98

and mediation

, 85–91

Situations

, 10, 11, 14

Social

constructionism

, 10

coordination function

, 120

identity and deindividuation theory (SIDE theory)

, 35–36

information processing

, 36–37

life

, 189

pathology

, 223

phenomena

, 92

process

, 17

semiotics

, 72–73, 138–139

sentiments

, 157

skills

, 38

space

, 112

Social media

, 89, 155–156

technologies

, 17

Social presence

, 24–25

theory

, 24–25

Sociocultural technological scale

, 115

Sociological theory of information

, 197

Sociotechnological phenomena

, 17

Space concept

, 102–108

SPACEAS-CONTAINER metaphors

, 113

Spacemaking

communication as

, 148–154

meaning-making to

, 119–126

‘Spaces of flows’

, 113

‘Spaces of places’

, 113

Spacetime

, 224

Spatial orientation

, 5, 116

Spatial relations

, 117–118

Speech

, 157–158

act theory

, 39–40, 151, 196

communication functions

, 120

written

, 29–30, 52–53

Stability

, 1, 206

STAGE metaphor

, 104

Strategies

, 10, 11, 14

“Strategy of affirmation”

, 211

“Strategy of subversion”

, 211

Structuralist

corruption

, 71

linguistics

, 58, 75

semiotics

, 75

Structures of dominance

, 93

Subject

, 230–233, 235, 237

Subject himself audience

, 184

Subject-agent (SA)

, 236–237

Super-ordinate

, 86

Symbol grounding problem

, 79

Symbolic

action

, 196

language

, 124

Symbolic communication

, 160

violence

, 216

Synchronous machine-mediated interaction

, 30

Syntactic information

, 192–194

Syntactical system

, 67

Syntax

, 81–82, 125

Systemic functional grammar

, 87, 121, 125

Task-oriented organizational communication

, 35

Techne

, 62

rhetoric as

, 163–164

Technical level

, 65

Technological

affordances

, 133

agency

, 133

determinism

, 133

media

, 129

Technological medium

, 133–134, 139

of communication

, 132

Telecocooning

, 105, 107–108

Telegraph

, 103

Terministic screens

, 183

Territorialization

, 126

mediational means of

, 217–227

Text-based communication

, 39

Text-based interaction

, 47–48

Textisms

, 38

Texts

, 85–91

Textual

function of language

, 121, 122

interaction

, 41–42

para-linguistic cues

, 25–26

Theoros

, 179, 186

Theory of Cognitive Dissonance, A (Festinger)

, 168–169

Time and space

, 117

deictics mark relations in

, 118–119

‘Toaster studies’

, 17

Transactional function

, 121

Transactional theory

, 26–27

Transistor radios

, 105

Transmission

, 127

of information

, 114, 191, 221

metaphor

, 103

model

, 59, 101, 155, 164

Transmitter

, 59

Two Cultures, The

, 18

Uncertainty reduction theory

, 25

Universal audience

, 184

US government-funded research

, 18

Utterance

, 158

Ventriloquism

, 148

Verbal codes

, 29

Verbal communication

, 24

Virtual conversation

, 29–30

Visual

effect

, 32–33

rhetoric

, 76

syntax

, 151

system

, 87–88

von Neumann, John (father of contemporary computing technology)

, 142

Web 2.0

, 23

Wiener’s cybernetics

, 67–68

Written communication composition process

, 34–35

Written language

, 6–7, 68

Written speech

, 29–30, 52–53