References

Radicalisation and Counter-Radicalisation in Higher Education

ISBN: 978-1-78756-005-5, eISBN: 978-1-78756-002-4

Publication date: 12 November 2018

Citation

McGlynn, C. and McDaid, S. (2018), "References", Radicalisation and Counter-Radicalisation in Higher Education (Great Debates in Higher Education), Emerald Publishing Limited, Leeds, pp. 159-190. https://doi.org/10.1108/978-1-78756-002-420181009

Publisher

:

Emerald Publishing Limited

Copyright © 2019 Catherine McGlynn and Shaun McDaid


al-Banna (1995) al-Banna, H. (1995). Letter to a Muslim student in the west. Leicester: Islamic Foundation.

Abbas (2007) Abbas, T. (2007). Ethno-religious identities and Islamic political radicalism in the UK: A case study. Journal of Muslim Minority Affairs, 27(3), 429442.

ACPO (2012) ACPO . (2012). Prevent, police and universities: guidance for police officers staff to help higher education institutions contribute to the prevention of terrorism. London: ACPO.

Anderson (2018) Anderson, T. H. (2018). The sixties (5th ed.). Abingdon: Routledge.

Andrzejewski (1995) Andrzejewski, J. (1995). Teaching controversial issues in higher education: Pedagogical techniques and analytical framework. In R. J. Martin (Ed.), Practicing what we teach: Confronting diversity in teacher education (pp. 326). Albany, NY: SUNY Press.

Andrews, McGlynn, & Mycock (2009) Andrews, R. , McGlynn, C. , & Mycock, A. (2009). Students’ attitudes towards history: Does self-identity matter? Educational Research, 51(3), 365377.

Anglia Ruskin University (2016) Anglia Ruskin University . (2016). Freedom of speech policy. Retrieved from http://web.anglia.ac.uk/anet/staff/sec_clerk/PREVENTFreedomofSpeechPolicy.pdf. Accessed on January 20, 2018.

Argomaniz (2009) Argomaniz, J. (2009). Post-9/11 institutionalisation of European Union counter-terrorism: Emergence, acceleration and inertia. European Security, 18(2), 151172.

Aston University (2018) Aston University . (2018). Keeping safe. Retrieved from http://www.aston.ac.uk/current-students/hub/keeping-safe/ (Accessed on 20 March 2018).

Aust (2008) Aust, S. (2008). The Baader-Meinhof complex. London: Random House.

Barrett (2017) Barrett, R. (2017). Beyond the Caliphate: Foreign fighters and the threat of returnees. New York, NY: Soufan Group.

Barton & McCully (2005) Barton, K. C. , & McCully, A. W. (2005). History, identity, and the school curriculum in Northern Ireland: an empirical study of secondary students’ ideas and perspectives. Journal of Curriculum Studies, 37(1), 85116.

Berger (2006) Berger, D. (2006). Outlaws of America: The weather underground and the politics of solidarity. Chico, CA: AK Press.

Beresford (1987) Beresford, D. (1987). Ten men dead: The story of the 1981 hunger strike. London: Grafton Books.

Bew (2007) Bew, P. (2007). Ireland: The politics of enmity 1789–2006. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Beetham (2009) Beetham, D. (2009). The contradictions of democratization by force: The case of Iraq. Democratization, 16(3), 443454.

Birmingham City University (2018) Birmingham City University . (2018). Prevent Duty. Retrieved from http://www.bcu.ac.uk/about-us/corporate-information/policies-and-procedures/prevent-duty (Accessed on 20 January 2018).

Black (2017) Black, R. (2017). Extreme speakers and events in the2016-17 academic year. London: Henry Jackson Society.

Blackbourn & Walker (2016) Blackbourn, J. , & Walker, C. (2016). Interdiction and indoctrination: The Counterterrorism and Security Act 2015. Modern Law Review, 79(5), 840870.

Borum (2003) Borum, R. (2003). Understanding the terrorist mind-set. FBI Law Enforcement Bulletin, 72(1), 710.

Bowen (2014) Bowen, I. (2014). Medina in Birmingham, Najaf in Brent: Inside British Islam. London: Hurst.

Braddock & Horgan (2016) Braddock, K. , & Horgan, J. (2016). Towards a guide for constructing and disseminating counter-narratives to reduce support for terrorism. Studies in Conflict & Terrorism, 39(5), 381404.

Braun & Clarke (2006) Braun, V. , & Clarke, V. (2006). Using thematic analysis in psychology. Qualitative Research in Psychology, 3(2), 77101.

Braun & Clarke (2012) Braun, V. , & Clarke, V. (2012). Thematic analysis. In H. Cooper (Ed.), APA handbook of research methods in psychology: Vol. 2. Research design. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.

Browne (2010) Browne, J. (2010). Securing a sustainable future for higher education: An independent review of higher education and student finance. London: HMSO.

Brown & Saeed (2015) Brown, K. E. , & Saeed, T. (2015). Radicalisation and counter-radicalisation at British Universities: Muslim encounters and alternatives. Ethnic and Racial Studies, 38(11), 19521968.

Brown (2012) Brown, N. (2012). When victory is not an option: Islamist movements in Arab politics. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press.

Bryan (2017) Bryan, H. (2017). Developing the political citizen: How teachers are navigating the statutory demands of the Counter-Terrorism and Security Act 2015 and the Prevent Duty. Education, Citizenship and Social Justice, 12(3), 213226.

Busher (2016) Busher, J. (2016). The making of anti-Muslim protest: Grassroots activism in the English Defence League. Abingdon: Routledge.

Busher, Choudhury, Thomas, & Harris (2017) Busher, J. , Choudhury, T. , Thomas, P. , & Harris, G. (2017). What the Prevent Duty means for schools and colleges in England: An analysis of educationalists’ experiences. London: Aziz Foundation.

Canterbury Christchurch University (2018) Canterbury Christchurch University . (2018). Prevent Duty. Retrieved from https://www.canterbury.ac.uk/university-solicitors-office/prevent-duty.aspx (Accessed on 17 July2018).

Carr (2010) Carr, G. (2010). The angry brigade: A history of Britain’s first urban guerilla group. Oakland, CA: PM Press.

Centre for Social Cohesion (2010) Centre for Social Cohesion . (2010). Radical Islam on UK campuses: A comprehensive list of extremist speakers at UK Universities. Retrieved from http://henryjacksonsociety.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/01/RADICAL-ISLAM-ON-CMAPUS.pdf (Accessed on 16 June 2018).

Choudhury & Fenwick (2011) Choudhury, T. , & Fenwick, H. (2011). The impact of counterterrorism measures on Muslim communities. International Review of Law, Computers and Technology, 25(3), 151181.

Cook (2017) Cook, J. (2017). Avoiding the pitfalls of prevent. Washington, DC: Georgetown Institute of Peace and Security.

Clarke & Braun (2013) Clarke, V. , & Braun, V. (2013). Successful qualitative research: A practical guide for beginners. London: Sage.

The Community Cohesion Review Team (2001) The Community Cohesion Review Team . (2001). Community cohesion: A report of the independent review team chaired by Ted Cantle. London: Home Office.

Coolsaet (2016) Coolsaet, R. (2016). All radicalisation is local: The genesis and drawbacks of an elusive concept. Brussels: Egmont – The Royal Institute for International Relations.

Corner, Bouhana, & Gill (2018) Corner, E. , Bouhana, N. , & Gill, P. (2018). The multifinality of vulnerability indicators in lone-actor terrorism. Psychology, Crime & Law, online first. Retrieved from doi:10.1080/1068316X.2018.1503664 (Accessed on 24 July 2018).

Cragin (2014) Cragin, R. K. (2014). Resisting violent extremism: A conceptual model for non-radicalization. Terrorism and Political Violence, 26(2), 337353.

Crelinsten (2013) Crelinsten, R. (2013). Counterterrorism (2nd Ed.). Oxford: Wiley Blackwell.

Cross & Price (1996) Cross, R. T. , & Price, R. F. (1996). Science teachers’ social conscience and the role of controversial issues in the teaching of science. Journal of research in Science Teaching, 33(3), 319333.

Davies (2000) Davies, I. (Ed.). (2000). Teaching the Holocaust: Educational dimensions, principles and practice. London: Continuum.

Dearing (1997) Dearing, R. (1997). The dearing report: Higher education in the learning society. London: HMSO.

DeGroot (2008) DeGroot, G. (2008). The 60s unplugged: A kaleidoscopic history of a disorderly decade. London: Pan MacMillan.

Della Porta (1995) Della Porta, D. (1995). Social movements, political violence, and the state: A comparative analysis of Italy and Germany. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

De Montfort University (2016) De Montfort University . (2016). Counter-extremism strategy. Retrieved from https://www.dmu.ac.uk/documents/about-dmu-documents/university-governance/counterextremism-strategy.pdf (Accessed on 12 January 2018).

Department for Communities and Local Government (2008) Department for Communities and Local Government . (2008). Preventing violent extremism pathfinder fund: Mapping of project activities 2007/2008. London: HMSO.

Diamond (2005) Diamond, L. (2005). Lessons from Iraq. Journal of Democracy, 16(1), 923.

Driver & Martell (1998) Driver, S. , & Martell, L. (1998). New labour: Politics after Thatcherism. Cambridge: Polity 1st Edition.

Durodié (2016) Durodié, B. (2016). Securitising education to prevent terrorism or losing direction? British Journal of Educational Studies, 64(1), 115.

Duyvesteyn (2004) Duyvesteyn, I. (2004). How new is the new terrorism? Studies in Conflict and Terrorism, 27(5), 439454.

Ecclestone (2017) Ecclestone, K. (2017). Changing the subject of education? A critical evaluation of ‘vulnerability creep’ and its implications. Social Policy & Society, 16(3), 443456.

English (2003) English, R. (2003). Armed struggle: A history of the IRA. London: Macmillan.

English (2016) English, R. (2016). Does terrorism work? A history. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

English (2009) English, R. (2009). Terrorism: How to respond. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Evans, Avery, & Pederson (1999) Evans, R. W. , Avery, P. G. , & Pederson, P. V. (1999). Taboo topics: Cultural restraint on teaching social issues. The Social Studies, 90(5), 218224.

Evans & Lewis (2013) Evans, R. , & Lewis, P. (2013). Undercover: The true story of Britain’s secret police. London: Faber and Faber.

Europol (2016) Europol . (2016). Changes in modus operandi of Islamic state attacks. The Hague: Europol.

Field (2009) Field, A. (2009). The new terrorism. Evolution or revolution? Political Studies Review, 7, 195207.

Dogan (1984) Dogan, M. (1984). How civil war was avoided in France. International Political Science Review, 5(3), 245277.

Feenberg & Freedman (2010) Feenberg, A. , & Freedman, J. (2001). When poetry ruled the streets: The French May events of 1968. Albany, NY: SUNY Press.

Ferguson, Burgess, & Hollywood (2010) Ferguson, N. , Burgess, M. , & Hollywood, I. (2010). Who are the victims? Victimhood experiences in postagreement Northern IrelandPolitical Psychology, 31(6), 857886.

Ferguson, Burgess, & Hollywood (2015) Ferguson, N. , Burgess, M. , & Hollywood, I. (2015). Leaving violence behind: Disengaging from politically motivated violence in Northern Ireland. Political Psychology, 36(2), 199214.

Ferguson, McDaid, & McAuley (2018) Ferguson, N. , McDaid, S. , & McAuley, J. W. (2018). Social movements, structural violence, and conflict transformation in Northern Ireland: The role of loyalist paramilitaries. Peace and Conflict: Journal of Peace Psychology, 24(1), 1926.

Førland, Korsvik, & Christophersen (2010) Førland, T. E. , Korsvik, T. R. , & Christophersen, K. A. (2010). Protest and parents: A retrospective survey of sixties student radicals in Norway. Acta Sociologica, 53(3), 229245.

Forster (2015) Forster, A. (2015). Our role in preventing terrorism: A potential conflict of duties. Retrieved from http://blogs.essex.ac.uk/vc/2015/02/24/our-role-in-preventing-terrorism-a-potential-conflict-of-duties/ (Accessed on 20 January 2018).

Foster (2014) Foster, R. (2014). Vivid faces: The revolutionary generation in Ireland 1890–1923. London: Penguin.

Gambetta & Hertog (2017) Gambetta, D. , & Hertog, S. (2017). Engineers of Jihad: The curious connection between violent extremism and education (2nd ed.). Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.

Godson (2004) Godson, D. (2004). Himself alone: David Trimble and the ordeal of unionism. London: HarperCollins.

Greer & Bell (2018) Greer, S. , & Bell, L. (2018). Counter-terrorist law in British in British universities: A review of the “prevent” debate. Public Law, 2018, 84105.

(2008) The Guardian . (2008). Britain’s terror laws have left me and my family shattered, 18 August 2008. Retrieved from https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2008/aug/18/terrorism.civilliberties (Accessed on 30 July 2018).

(2010) The Guardian . (2010). Roshonara Choudhry jailed for life over MP attack, 3 November 2010. Retrieved from https://www.theguardian.com/uk/2010/nov/03/roshonara-choudhry-jailed-life-attack (Accessed on 5 April 2018).

(2011) The Guardian . (2011) Student in al-Qaida raid paid £20,000 by police, 14 September 2011. Retrieved from https://www.theguardian.com/uk/2011/sep/14/police-pay-student-damages-al-qaida (Accessed on 28 July 2018).

(2013) The Guardian . (2013). Are universities collecting too much information on staff and students? 5 August 2013. Retrieved from https://www.theguardian.com/education/2013/aug/05/electronic-data-trail-huddersfield-loughborough-university (Accessed on 5 January 2018).

(2015) The Guardian . (2015) Student accused of being a terrorist for reading book on terrorism, 24 September 2015. Retrieved from https://www.theguardian.com/education/2015/sep/24/student-accused-being-terrorist-reading-book-terrorism (Accessed on 10 June 2018).

(2016) The Guardian . (2016). Nursery ‘raised fears of radicalisation over boy’s cucumber drawing’, 11 March 2016. Retrieved from https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2016/mar/11/nursery-radicalisation-fears-boys-cucumber-drawing-cooker-bomb (Accessed on 28 July 2018).

(2017) The Guardian . (2017) Paralysis at the heart of counter-extremism policy, 17 September 2017. Retrieved from https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2017/sep/17/paralysis-at-the-heart-of-uk-counter-extremism-policy (Accessed on 20 July 2018).

Gunning (2010) Gunning, J. (2010). Hamas in politics: Democracy, religion, violence. New York, NY: Columbia University Press.

Hamid (2016) Hamid, S. (2016). Sufis, Salafis and Islamists. The contested ground of British Islamic activism. London: I.B. Tauris.

Hamm (2013) Hamm, M. S. (2013). The spectacular few: Prisoner radicalisation and the evolving terrorist threat. New York, NY: New York University Press.

Hegghammer & Nesser (2015) Hegghammer, T. , & Nesser, P. (2015). Assessing the Islamic State’s commitment to attacking the West. Perspectives on Terrorism, 9(4), 1430.

Hedley & Markowitz (2001) Hedley, M. , & Markowitz, L. (2001). Avoiding moral dichotomies: Teaching controversial topics to resistant students. Teaching Sociology, 29(2), 195208.

Heath-Kelly (2013) Heath-Kelly, C. (2013). Counterterrorism and the counterfactual: Producing the ‘radicalisation’ discourse and the UK PREVENT strategy. British Journal of Politics and International Relations, 15, 394415.

Heath-Kelly (2017) Heath-Kelly, C. (2017). Algorithmic autoimmunity in the NHS: Radicalisation and the clinic. Security Dialogue, 48(1), 2945.

Heath-Kelly & Strausz (2018) Heath-Kelly, C. , & Strausz, E. (2018). The banality of counterterrorism “after, after 9/11”? Perspectives on the Prevent duty from the UK healthcare sector. Critical Studies on Terrorism. Online first. Retrieved from https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/17539153.2018.1494123?needAccess=true (Accessed on 20 July 2018).

HEFCE (2017a) HEFCE . (2017a). Analysis of prevent annual reports from higher education providers for activity in 2015–16. Retrieved from http://www.hefce.ac.uk/media/HEFCE,2014/Content/Pubs/2017/201711/HEFCE2017_11.pdf (Accessed on 10 January 2018).

HEFCE (2017b) HEFCE . (2017b). Framework for the monitoring of the Prevent duty in higher education in England 2017 onwards. Retrieved from https://www.officeforstudents.org.uk/media/1079/prevent_duty_monitoring_framework_2017_onwards.pdf (Accessed on 10 January 2018).

Hewitt (2000) Hewitt, S. (2000). ‘Information believed true’: RCMP security intelligence activities on Canadian university campuses and the controversy surrounding them, 1961–71. Canadian Historical Review, 81(2), 191229.

HM Government (2006) HM Government . (2006). Countering international terrorism: The United Kingdom’s strategy. London: HMSO.

HM Government (2007) HM Government . (2007). The prevent strategy: A guide for local partners in England. London: HMSO.

HM Government (2011a) HM Government . (2011a). Prevent strategy. London: HMSO.

HM Government (2011b) HM Government . (2011b). Report to the home secretary of independent oversight of prevent review and strategy. London: HMSO.

HM Government (2015a) HM Government . (2015a). Counter-terrorism and security act. London: HMSO.

HM Government (2015b) HM Government . (2015b). Prevent Duty guidance for higher education institutions in England and Wales. London: HMSO.

HM Government (2018) HM Government . (2018). CONTEST: The UK’s strategy for countering terrorism. London: HMSO.

Home Affairs Select Committee (2012) Home Affairs Select Committee . (2012) The roots of violent radicalisation. London: HMSO.

Home Office (2005) Home Office . (2005). Preventing extremism together: Working group report. London: Home Office.

Home Office (2016) Home Office . (2016). E-learning on prevent. Retrieved from www.elearning.prevent.homeoffice.gov.uk (Accessed on 1 June 2016).

Hoffman (1997) Hoffman, B. (1997). The confluence of international and domestic trends in terrorism. Terrorism and Political Violence, 9(2), 115.

Horgan (2009) Horgan, J. (2009). Walking away from terrorism: Accounts of disengagement from radical and extremist movements. New York, NY: Routledge.

Horgan & Braddock (2012) Horgan, J. , & Braddock, K. (Eds.) (2012). Terrorism studies: A reader. Abingdon: Routledge.

Hunter (1994) Hunter, J. D. (1994). Before the shooting begins: Searching for democracy in America’s culture war. New York, NY: Simon and Schuster.

Husain (2007) Husain, E. (2007). The Islamist: Why I joined radical Islam in Britain, what I saw inside and why I left. London: Penguin.

Imperial College London (2018) Imperial College London . (2018). Prevent. Retrieved from https://www.imperial.ac.uk/admin-services/secretariat/secretariat/what-we-do/prevent/ (Accessed on 20 January 2018).

(2018) The Irish News . (2018). Controversial police unit infiltrated the Civil Rights Association, 8 June 2018. Retrieved from https://www.irishnews.com/news/2018/06/08/news/controversial-police-unit-infiltrated-the-civil-rights-association-1350882/ (Accessed on 11 June 2018).

Jahr, Hempel, & Heinz (2016) Jahr, D. , Hempel, C. , & Heinz, M. (2016). “... not simply say that they are all Nazis.” Controversy in discussions of current topics in German civics classes. JSSE-Journal of Social Science Education, 15(2), 1425.

IPPR (2012) IPPR . (2012). The dog that finally barked: England as an emerging political community. London: IPPR.

Ismail (2006) Ismail, S. (2006). Rethinking Islamist politics: Culture, the state and Islamism. London: IB Tauris.

Javid (2018) Javid, S. (2018). Speech: Home secretary announces new counterterrorism strategy. Retrieved from https://www.gov.uk/government/speeches/home-secretary-announces-new-counter-terrorism-strategy (Accessed on 6 June 2018).

John Moores University (2016) John Moores University . (2016). Safeguarding policy. Retrieved from https://www.ljmu.ac.uk/~/media/files/ljmu/public-information-documents/wider-information-set-documents/policy23-safeguarding-policy.pdf?la=en (Accessed on 20 July 2018).

Johnson Johnson, J. (2017). Speech to UUK Annual Conference, 7 September 2017. Retrieved from https://www.gov.uk/government/speeches/jo-johnson-speech-to-uuk-annual-conference (Accessed on 16 July 2018).

Johnston (2011) Johnston, K. (2011). Prevent strategy 2011: The problem of universities. Retrieved from https://rusi.org/commentary/prevent-strategy-2011-problem-universities (Accessed on 20 January2018).

Jones (2015) Jones, T. (2015). Equality impact statement. Retrieved from https://www.ram.ac.uk/public/uploads/documents/503bd8_prevent-duty-2015-16-eia-web-version-.pdf (Accessed on 15 January 2018).

Joint Committee on Human Rights (2018) Joint Committee on Human Rights . (2018). Freedom of speech in universities: Fourth report of session 2017–2019. London: HMSO.

Kaplan (1997) Kaplan, J. (1997). Leaderless resistance. Terrorism and Political Violence, 9(3), 8095.

Khan (2016) Khan, S. (2016). The battle for British Islam. London: Saqi Books.

King & Taylor (2011) King, M. , & Taylor, D. M. (2011). The radicalization of homegrown Jihadists: A review of theoretical models and social psychological evidence. Terrorism and Political Violence, 23(4), 602622.

Kingdom of Norway (2017) Kingdom of Norway . (2017). Nytt råd for samfunnssikkerhet og beredskap i kunnskapssektoren. 16.01.2017. [New advice on public security and preparedness in the knowledge sector]. Retrieved from https://www.regjeringen.no/no/aktuelt/nytt-rad/id2526233/ (Accessed on 26 July 2018).

King’s College London (2018) King’s College London . (2018). The prevent duty. Retrieved from https://www.kcl.ac.uk/aboutkings/governance/preventduty.aspx. Accessed on July 20, 2018).

Kitschelt (1994) Kitschelt, H. (1994). The transformation of European social democracy. Cambridge, MA: Cambridge University Press.

Kundnani (2009) Kundnani, A. (2009). Spooked: How not to prevent violent extremism. London: Institute of Race Relations.

Kundnani (2012) Kundnani, A. (2012). Radicalisation: The journey of a concept. Race and Class, 54(2), 325.

Kurtulus (2011) Kurtulus, E. N. (2011). ‘The “new terrorism” and its critics. Studies in Conflict & Terrorism, 34(6), 476500.

Lancaster University (2017) Lancaster University . (2017). Reply to FOI request ID2146. Retrieved from https://www.whatdotheyknow.com/request/prevent_and_internet_filtering_p_85 (Accessed on 18 July 2018).

Lane & Redissi (2004) Lane, J. , & Redissi, H. (2004). Religion and politics: Islam and Muslim civilisation. Aldershot: Ashgate.

Laqueur (1999) Laqueur, W. (1999). The new terrorism. London: Oxford University Press.

Law (2009) Law, R. D. (2009). Terrorism: A history. Cambridge: Polity.

Leadbetter (2016) Leadbetter, T. (2016). The Prevent Duty: A guide for staff and students. Retrieved from https://www.whatdotheyknow.com/request/406365/response/989392/attach/2/FOI%20request%20JKillock%202.pdf (Accessed on 4 July 2018).

Lee (2006) Lee, S. (2006). Gordon Brown and the ‘British way’. The Political Quarterly, 77(3), 369378.

Leeds Beckett University (2018) Leeds Beckett University . (2018). Policy on safeguarding vulnerable groups. Retrieved from https://www.leedsbeckett.ac.uk/-/media/files/public-information/freedom-of-information/tx_safeguarding-policy.pdf?la=en (Accessed on 19 July 2018).

Lewis (2018) Lewis, J. (2018). Prevent as an intractable policy controversy: Implications and solutions. Journal for Deradicalization, 15, 111150.

Lieb (1998) Lieb, J. I. (1998). Teaching controversial topics: Iconography and the confederate battle flag in the South. Journal of Geography, 97(4–5), 229240.

Lister (2015) Lister, C. R. (2015). The Syrian Jihad: Al-Qaeda, the Islamic state and the evolution of an insurgency. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Lloyd & Dean (2015) Lloyd, M. , & Dean, C. (2015). The development of structured guidelines for assessing risk in extremist offenders. Journal of Threat Assessment and Management, 2(1), 4052.

London South Bank University (2016) London South Bank University . (2016). Safeguarding policy. Retrieved from http://www.lsbu.ac.uk/__data/assets/pdf_file/0017/123434/safeguarding-policy.pdf. Accessed on July 4, 2018).

Lopez (1979) Lopez, G. A. (1979). Teaching about terrorism: Notes on methods and materials. Studies in Conflict & Terrorism, 3(1–2), 131145.

Lockley-Scott (2017) Lockley-Scott, A. (2017). Preventing what? The flawed assumptions at the heart of the Prevent Duty. Retrieved from https://www.bera.ac.uk/blog/preventing-what-the-flawed-assumptions-at-the-heart-of-the-prevent-duty (Accessed on 20 March 2018).

Loughborough University (2015) Loughborough University . (2015). Loughborough University Prevent policy. Retrieved from http://www.lboro.ac.uk/admin/ar/policy/pot/LUPreventPolicy_FINAL.pdf (Accessed on 19 March 2018).

Loughlin (2003) Loughlin, J. (2003). The Ulster question since 1945. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.

Lusk & Weinberg (1994) Lusk, A. B. , & Weinberg, A. S. (1994). Discussing controversial topics in the classroom: Creating a context for learning. Teaching Sociology, 22(4), 301308.

Maher (2016) Maher, S. (2016). Salafi-Jihadism: The history of an idea. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Malik (2017) Malik, K. (2017). From Fatwa to Jihad: How the world changed from the satanic verses to Charlie Hebdo. (2nd ed.). Croydon: Atlantic Books.

Marwick (1998) Marwick, A. (1998). The sixties. London: Bloomsbury, 1998.

Mansell (2015) Mansell, R. (2015). New “PREVENT” duty guidance for universities: LSE Response. Retrieved from https://info.lse.ac.uk/staff/divisions/Governance-Legal-and-Policy/Assets/Documents/Prevent/New-Prevent-duty-guidance-all-School-email-of-18-September-2015.pdf (Accessed on 7 May 2018).

McCann (1993) McCann, E. (1993) War and an Irish town (3rd. Ed.). London: Pluto.

McCauley & Moskalenko (2008) McCauley, C. , & Moskalenko, S. (2008). Mechanisms of political radicalization: Pathways toward terrorism. Terrorism and Political Violence, 20(3), 415433.

McCully (2006) McCully, A. , (2006). Practitioner perceptions of their role in facilitating the handling of controversial issues in contested societies: A Northern Irish experience. Educational Review, 58(1), 5165.

McDaid (2013) McDaid, S. (2013). Template for peace: Northern Ireland, 1972–75. Manchester: Manchester University Press.

McGlynn & McDaid (2016) McGlynn, C. , & McDaid, S. (2016). Radicalisation and higher education: students’ understanding and experiences. Terrorism and Political Violence, 118.

McGovern (2016) McGovern, M. (2016) The university, prevent and cultures of compliance. Prometheus, 34(1), 4962.

Miller, Mills, & Harkins (2011) Miller, D. , Mills, T. , & Harkins, S. (2011). Teaching about terrorism in the United Kingdom: How it is done and what problems it causes. Critical Studies on Terrorism, 4(3), 405420.

Miller (2009) Miller, G. D. (2009). Teaching about terrorism: Lessons learned at SWOTT. PS: Political Science & Politics, 42(4), 773779.

Moghaddam (2005) Moghaddam, F. M. (2005). The staircase to terrorism: A psychological explanation. American Psychologist, 60(2), 161169.

Molesworth, Nixon, & Scullion (2009) Molesworth, M. , Nixon, E. , & Scullion, R. (2009). Having, being and higher education: The marketisation of the university and the transformation of the student into consumer. Teaching in Higher Education, 14(3), 277287.

Morrison (2013) Morrison, J. F. (2013). The origins and rise of dissident Irish Republicanism: The role and impact of organizational splits. New York, NY: Bloomsbury.

Mycock, Andrews, McGlynn, & Hearn (2011) Mycock, A. , Andrews, R. , McGlynn, C. , & Hearn, M. (2011). History teaching and identity: A comparison of young people in Australia and England. In C. McGlynn , A. Mycock , & J. W. McAuley (Eds.), Britishness, identity and citizenship: The view from abroad. Oxford: Peter Lang.

Mythen, Walklate, & Peatfield (2017) Mythen, G. Walklate, S. , & Peatfield, E. (2017). Assembling and deconstructing radicalisation in prevent: A case of evidence-based policy making? Critical Social Policy, 37(2), 180181.

Nadal (2017) Nadal, L. (2017). The Prevent Duty is about relationships, so integrate it into pastoral support. Retrieved from http://blog.hefce.ac.uk/2017/08/14/the-prevent-duty-is-about-relationships-so-integrate-it-into-pastoral-support/ (Accessed on 15 January 2018).

National Union of Students (2017) National Union of Students . (2017). NUS’ no platform policy. Retrieved from https://www.nusconnect.org.uk/resources/nus-no-platform-policy-f22f (Accessed on 11 June 2018).

Newcastle University (2016) Newcastle University . (2016). NU Prevent Policy. Retrieved from https://www.ncl.ac.uk/executive/governance/prevent/_baks/policy.htm.0003.628a.bak (Accessed on 15 January 2018).

(2017) Newsletter . (2017). Sinn Fein law lecturer won’t condemn IRA murder of QUB academic, 15 February 2017. Retrieved from https://www.newsletter.co.uk/news/crime/sinn-fein-law-lecturer-won-t-condemn-ira-murder-of-qub-academic-1–7822205 (Accessed on 1 August 2018).

(1977) New York Times . (1977). Bomb in an Ulster college injures ex-judge, 9 others 25 March 1977. Retrieved from https://www.nytimes.com/1977/03/25/archives/bomb-in-an-ulster-college-injures-exjudge-9-others.html (Accessed on 25 June 2018).

Neumann (2013) Neumann, P. R. (2013). The trouble with radicalisation. International Affairs, 4, 873893.

Neumann & Rogers (2008) Neumann, P. R. , & Rogers, B. (2008). Recruitment for the Islamist militant movement in Europe. Brussels: European Commission.

Newman University Birmingham (2017) Newman University Birmingham . (2017). Safeguarding of children, young people and vulnerable adults. Retrieved from http://www1.newman.ac.uk/files/w3/policies/pdf/Safeguarding%20Policy%202017.pdf?q=94 (Accessed on 21 March 2018).

(Pakistan) (2017) The News (Pakistan) . (2017). HEC stresses need to curb radicalisation in universities, 8 September 2017. Retrieved from https://www.thenews.com.pk/print/228542-HEC-stresses-need-to-curb-radicalisation-in-universities (Accessed on 26 July 2018).

(2011) Nottingham Evening Post . (2011) Uni admits filming demos but say there’s nothing sinister, 13 June 2018, p. 8.

(2012) Nottingham Evening Post . (2012). Evidence against student was ‘made up’ by police, 17 July 2012, p. 5.

(2011) The Observer . (2011). Nottingham University films students suspected of extremism, 11 June 2011. Retrieved from https://www.theguardian.com/uk/2011/jun/11/nottingham-university-secret-films-students (Accessed on 25 July 2018).

O’Donnell (2016) O’Donnell, A. (2016). Securitisation, counterterrorism and the silencing of dissent: The educational implications of Prevent. British Journal of Educational Studies, 64(1), 5376.

Osler (2008) Osler, A. (2008). Citizenship education and the Ajegbo report: Re-imagining a cosmopolitan nation. London Review of Education, 6(1), 1125.

Oulton, Dillon, & Grace (2004) Oulton, C. , Dillon, J. , & Grace, M. M. (2004). Reconceptualizing the teaching of controversial issues. International Journal of Science Education, 26(4), 411423.

Pantucci (2015) Pantucci, R. (2015). “We love death as you love life”: Britain’s suburban terrorists. London: Hurst.

Peck (2010) Peck, C. L. (2010). “It’s not like [I’m] Chinese and Canadian. I am in-between”: Ethnicity and students’ conceptions of historical significance. Theory & Research in Social Education, 38(4), 574617.

Pratt (2010) Pratt, D. (2010). Religion and terrorism: Christian fundamentalism and extremism. Terrorism and Political Violence, 22(3), 438456.

Prince (2007) Prince, S. (2007). Northern Ireland’s’ 68: Civil rights, global revolt and the origins of the troubles. Dublin: Irish Academic Press.

Public Safety Canada (2017) Public Safety Canada . (2017). Community resilience fund funding application guide. Retrieved from https://www.publicsafety.gc.ca/cnt/bt/cc/fg-en.pdf (Accessed on 26 July 2018).

Queen Mary University of London (2017) Queen Mary University of London . (2017). Prevent duty annual report. Retrieved from http://www.arcs.qmul.ac.uk/media/arcs/governance/council/committees/audit-risk-committee/2017-18/14-11-2017/ARC2017-19-Annual-report-on-Prevent-duty.pdf. Accessed on June 18, 2018).

Quilliam Foundation (2010) Quilliam Foundation . (2010). Quilliam briefing paper radicalisation on British university campuses: A case study, October 2010. Retrieved from https://www.stmarys.ac.uk/about/corporate-information/docs/2016-april-prevent.pdf (Accessed on 7 July 2018). http://www.safecampuscommunities.ac.uk/uploads/files/2016/08/qulliam_case_study_requires_upload.pdf (Accessed on 16 June 2018).

Ragazzi (2017) Ragazzi, F. (2017). Countering terrorism and radicalisation: Securitising social policy? Critical Social Policy, 37(2), 163179.

Reader & Wadia (1993) Reader, K. A. , & Wadia, K. (1993). The May 1968 events in France: Reproductions and interpretations. Basingstoke: Macmillan.

Rekawek (2011) Rekawek, K. (2011). Irish Republican terrorism and politics: A comparative study of the official and the provisional IRA. London: Routledge.

Rekawek (2017) Rekawek, K. (2017). Referenced but not linear? Counterterrorism in Central-Eastern Europe in theory and in practice. East European Politics and Societies, 31(1), 179200.

Reynolds & Birdwell (2015) Reynolds, L. , & Birdwell, J. (2015). Rising to the top. London: Demos.

Richards (2011) Richards, A. (2011). The problem with ‘radicalisation’: The remit of PREVENT and the need to refocus on terrorism in the UK. International Affairs, 87(1), 143152.

Richards (2015) Richards, A. (2015). From terrorism to radicalisation to extremism: Counterterrorism imperative or loss of focus? International Affairs, 91(2), 371380.

Richardson (2015) Richardson, R. (2015). British values and British identity: Muddles, mixtures, and ways ahead. London Review of Education, 13(2), 3748.

Ross (2011) Ross, F. S. (2011). Smashing H-block: The rise and fall of the popular campaign against criminalization, 1976–1982. Liverpool University Press.

Royal Holloway University of London (2018) Royal Holloway University of London . (2018). Advice for when you have concerns about a student. Retrieved from https://intranet.royalholloway.ac.uk/staff/teaching/advice-for-when-you-have-concerns-about-a-student.aspx (Accessed on 20 July 2018).

St Mary’s University Twickenham (2016) St Mary’s University Twickenham . (2016). Prevent policy. Retrieved from https://www.stmarys.ac.uk/about/corporate-information/docs/2016-april-prevent.pdf (Accessed on 7 July 2018).

Saeed & Johnson (2016) Saeed, T. , & Johnson, D. , (2016). Intelligence, global terrorism and higher education: Neutralising threats or alienating allies. British Journal of Educational Studies, 64(1), 3751.

Safe Campus Communities UK (2014) Safe Campus Communities UK . (2014). Embedding concerns about radicalisation into safeguarding policy and processes. Retrieved from http://www.safecampuscommunities.ac.uk/uploads/files/2014/12/embedding_concerns_about_radicalisation_into_safeguarding_policy_and_processes_december_2014.pdf (Accessed on 20 July 2018).

Sageman (2004) Sageman, M. (2004). Understanding terror networks. Philadelphia, PA: University of Pennsylvania Press.

Schiller (2003) Schiller, K. (2003). Political militancy and generation conflict in West Germany during the” Red Decade”. Debatte: Journal of Contemporary Central and Eastern Europe, 11(1), 1938.

Schmidtke (1999) Schmidtke, M. A. (1999). Cultural revolution or cultural shock? Student radicalism and 1968 in Germany. South Central Review, 16, 7789.

Schuurman (2018) Schuurman, B. (2018). Research on terrorism, 2007–2016: A review of data, methods, and authorship. Terrorism and Political Violence. Online first. Retrieved from https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/09546553.2018.1439023 (Accessed on 11 June 2018).

Sedgwick (2010) Sedgwick, M. (2010). The concept of radicalisation as a source of confusion. Terrorism and Political Violence, 22(4), 479494.

Seidman (2004) Seidman, M. (2004). The imaginary revolution: Parisian students and workers in 1968. New York, NY: Berghahn Books.

(2015) The Sentinel . (2015). ‘I was only reading a book for my course!’: University apologises after student accused of terrorism involvement, 25 September, p. 15.

Shirlow, Tonge, McAuley, & McGlynn (2010) Shirlow, P. , Tonge, J. , McAuley, J. W. , & McGlynn, C. (2010). Abandoning historical conflict? Former paramilitary prisoners and political reconciliation in Northern Ireland. Manchester University Press.

Silber & Bhatt (2007) Silber, M. D. , & Bhatt, A. (2007). Radicalisation in the West: The homegrown threat. New York: New York City Police Department.

Shattock (2012) Shattock, M. (2012). Making policy in British higher education 1945–2011. Columbus: McGraw-Hill Education.

Sieckelinck, Kaulingfreks, & De Winter (2015) Sieckelinck, S. , Kaulingfreks, F. , & De Winter, M. (2015). Neither villains nor victims: Towards an educational perspective on radicalisation. British Journal of Educational Studies, 63(3), 329343.

Silke (2008) Silke, A. (2008). Holy warriors: Exploring the psychological processes of Jihadi radicalization. European Journal of Criminology, 5(1), 99123.

Silke (2014) Silke, A. (2014). Risk assessment of terrorist and extremist prisoners’. In A. Silke (Ed.), Prisons, terrorism and extremism: Critical issues in management, radicalisation and reform (pp. 108121). London: Routledge.

Smith (1995) Smith, J. A. (1995). Semi-structured interviewing and qualitative analysis. In J. A. Smith , R. Harré , & L. Van Langenhove (Eds.), Rethinking methods in psychology (pp. 926). London: Sage.

Smith (1996) Smith, J. A. (1996). Beyond the divide between cognition and discourse: Using interpretative phenomenological analysis in health psychology. Psychology and Health, 11, 261271.

Smith & Osborn (2003) Smith, J. , & Osborn, M. (2003). Interpretive phenomenological analysis. In J. A. Smith (Ed.) Qualitative psychology: A practical guide to research methods (pp. 5180). London: Sage.

SOAS (2017) SOAS . (2017). SOAS statement on the 2016–17 Henry Jackson report. Retrieved from https://www.soas.ac.uk/news/newsitem124135.html (Accessed on 16 July 2018).

Solent University (2018) Solent University . (2018). Prevent. Retrieved from https://portal.solent.ac.uk/support/health-wellbeing/prevent.aspx. Accessed on July20, 2018.

Song (2012) Song, M. (2012). Part of the British mainstream? British Muslim students and Islamic student associations. Journal of Youth Studies, 15(2), 143160.

Spalek & Lambert (2008) Spalek, B. , & Lambert, R. (2008). Muslim communities, counterterrorism and counter-radicalisation: A critically reflective approach to engagement. International Journal of Law, Crime and Justice, 36, 257270.

Spiller, Awan, & Whiting (2018) Spiller, K. , Awan, I. , & Whiting, A. (2018). ‘What does terrorism look like?’ University lecturers’ interpretations of their prevent duties and tackling extremism in UK universities. Critical Studies on Terrorism, 11(1), 130150.

Spencer (2011) Spencer, A. (2011). Sic[k] of the ‘new terrorism’ debate? A response to our critics. Critical Studies on Terrorism, 4(3), 459467.

Staffordshire University (2018) Staffordshire University . (2018). Staffordshire University safeguarding policy. Safeguarding policy. Retrieved from http://www.staffs.ac.uk/legal/policies/safeguarding-policy.jsp (Accessed on 13 August 2018).

Steidl (2013) Steidl, C. R. (2013). Remembering, May 4, 1970: Integrating the commemorative field at Kent state. American Sociological Review, 78(5), 749772.

Stern & Berger (2015) Stern, J. , & Berger, J. M. (2015). ISIS: The state of terror. New York, NY: Harper Collins.

Stewart (2017) Stewart, C. M. (2017). Countering violent extremism policy in the United States: Are CVE programs in America effectively mitigating the threat of homegrown violent extremism? PhD Thesis. Monterey: Naval Postgraduate School.

Sukarieh & Tannock (2015) Sukarieh, M. , & Tannock, S. (2015). Youth rising: The politics of youth in the global economy. London: Routledge.

Tarrow (1993) Tarrow, S. (1993). Social protest and policy reform: May 1968 and the Loi d’orientation in France. Comparative Political Studies, 25(4), 579607.

Taylor & Horgan (2006) Taylor, M. , & Horgan, J. (2006). A conceptual framework for addressing psychological process in the development of the terrorist. Terrorism and Political Violence, 18(4), 585601.

(2000) The Telegraph . (2000 ). Inside story of the Maze, a jail like no other, 28 July 2000. Retrieved from https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/1350686/Inside-story-of-the-Maze-a-jail-like-no-other.html (Accessed on 13 February 2018).

The Telegraph (2003) The Telegraph . (2003). ‘Magnificent 19’ praised by Muslim extremists, 12 September 2003. Retrieved from https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/1441270/Magnificent-19-praised-by-Muslim-extremists.html (Accessed on 7 July 2018).

(2015) The Telegraph . (2015). Letter on tackling extremism, 9 March 2015. Retrieved from https://www.telegraph.co.uk/comment/letters/11457563/Letters-The-BBCs-stance-on-the-election-debates-reveals-a-lack-of-impartiality.html (Accessed on 13 January 2018).

Teune (2007) Teune, S. (2007). Humour as a guerrilla tactic: The West German student movement’s mockery of the establishment. International Review of Social History, 52(S15), 115132.

Thomas (2009) Thomas, P. (2009). Between two stools? The government’s ‘preventing violent extremism’ agenda. Political Quarterly, 80(2), 282291.

Thomas (2010) Thomas, P. (2010). Failed and friendless: The UK’s preventing violent extremism programme. British Journal of Politics and International Relations, 12(3), 442458.

Thomas (2011) Thomas, P. (2011). Youth, multiculturalism and community cohesion. Basingstoke: Palgrave MacMillan.

Thomas (2014) Thomas, P. (2014) Divorced but still co-habiting? Britain’s prevent/community cohesion policy tension. British Politics, 9(4), 472493.

Thornton (2011a) Thornton, R. (2011a). Radicalisation at universities or radicalisation by universities? How a student’s use of a library book became a “major Islamist plot”. Paper prepared for the Critical Studies on Terrorism on Teaching about Terrorism panel at the British International Studies Association Conference, University of Manchester, April 2011. Retrieved from https://thedisorderofthings.files.wordpress.com/2011/05/thornton-radicalisation-at-universities-or-radicalisation-by-universities-bisa-2011.pdf (Accessed on 18 June 2018).

Thornton (2011b) Thornton, R. (2011b). Counterterrorism and the neo-liberal university: Providing a check and balance? Critical Studies on Terrorism, 4(3), 421429.

(2015) The Times . (2015) Letter on academic freedom, 28 January 2015. Retrieved from https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/academic-freedom-cbt5gc6ml7f (Accessed on 12 January 2018).

(2018) The Times . (2018) At least 80 terrorists get ready for release from jail, 5 June 2018, p. 10.

(2017) Times Higher Education . (2017). Manchester bombing spotlights universities’ anti-terror role, 26 May 2018. Retrieved from https://www.timeshighereducation.com/news/manchester-bombing-spotlights-universities-anti-terror-role (Accessed on 27 July 2018).

(2018) Times Higher Education . (2018). Indonesian universities ramp up student monitoring to stop terrorism, 6 July 2018. Retrieved from https://www.timeshighereducation.com/news/indonesian-universities-ramp-student-monitoring-stop-terrorism (Accessed on 26 July 2018).

Tomkins & Eatough (2010) Tomkins, L. , & Eatough, V. (2010). Reflecting on the use of IPA with focus groups: Pitfalls and potentials. Qualitative Research in Psychology, 7(3), 244262.

Toobin (2017) Toobin, J. (2017). American heiress: The wild saga of the kidnapping, crimes and trial of Patty Hearst. London: Profile.

Townshend (2002) Townshend, C. (2002). Terrorism: A very short introduction. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Tucker (2001) Tucker, D. (2001). What is new about the new terrorism and how dangerous is it? Terrorism and Political Violence, 13(3), 114.

University of the Arts London (2018) University of the Arts London . (2018). The Prevent Duty. Retrieved from http://www.arts.ac.uk/about-ual/strategy-governance/governance/the-prevent-duty/ (Accessed on 16 January 2018).

University of Bath (2016) University of Bath . (2016). Prevent policy. Retrieved from http://www.bath.ac.uk/university-secretary/guidance-policies/preventpolicy.pdf (Accessed on 10 January 2018).

University of Bradford (2017) University of Bradford . (2017). Personal academic tutoring: A quick guide for staff. Retrieved from https://www.bradford.ac.uk/educational-development/media/centreeducationaldevelopment/documents/roledescriptors/2017-18-PAT-staff-quick-guide.pdf (Accessed on 4 July 2018).

University of Exeter (2017) University of Exeter . (2017). Notes of the prevent event held in the Henderson lecture theatre on 6 October 2017. Retrieved from http://www.exeter.ac.uk/media/universityofexeter/governanceandcompliance/Notes_of_Prevent_Event_6_October_2017.pdf (Accessed on 10 January).

University of Exeter (2018) University of Exeter . (2018). Compliance, governance and risk: The Prevent Duty. Retrieved from http://www.exeter.ac.uk/cgr/prevent/ (Accessed on 10 January 2018).

University of Greenwich (2014) University of Greenwich . (2014). Independent panel inquiry – Woolwich Incident. Retrieved from https://www.gre.ac.uk/about-us/governance/institutional-governance/university-court/independentpanelenquiry (Accessed on 10 November 2017).

University of Huddersfield (2018) University of Huddersfield . (2018). Quarterly policy update. Retrieved from https://www.hud.ac.uk/news/2018/may/quarterlypolicyupdate/ (Accessed on 19 July 2018).

University of Kent (2016) University of Kent . (2016). Safeguarding policy for students. Retrieved from https://www.kent.ac.uk/governance/policies-and-procedures/Safeguarding-Students-May-2016v2.pdf (Accessed on 17 July 2018).

University of Leeds (2018) University of Leeds . (2018). Our response to the Prevent Duty. Retrieved from http://www.leeds.ac.uk/secretariat/prevent.html (Accessed on 18 March 2018).

University of Leicester (2018) University of Leicester . (2018). About prevent. Retrieved from https://www2.le.ac.uk/staff/working/safeguarding/prevent/about (Accessed on 4 July 2018).

University of Liverpool (2017) University of Liverpool . (2017). Policy on the safeguarding of children, young people and vulnerable adults. Retrieved from https://www.liverpool.ac.uk/media/livacuk/student-support/Policy,on,the,Safeguarding,Of,Children,2014,FINAL,updated,June,2016,Updated,July,2017.pdf (Accessed on 4 July 2018).

University of Middlesex (2016) University of Middlesex . (2016). Prevent Duty: Briefing note for students. Retrieved from https://unihub.mdx.ac.uk/__data/assets/pdf_file/0027/245880/Prevent-Briefing-Note-for-Students.pdf (Accessed on 18 March 2018).

University of Oxford (2016) University of Oxford . (2016). Guidance for applicants whose research may potentially fall within the scope of the ‘Prevent’ Duty. Retrieved from https://researchsupport.admin.ox.ac.uk/files/bpg07preventdutypdf (Accessed on 24 July 2018).

University of Oxford (2018) University of Oxford . (2018). Oxford’s approach. Retrieved from https://www.admin.ox.ac.uk/councilsec/prevent/approach/. Accessed on July 4, 2018.

University of Plymouth (2017) University of Plymouth . (2017). Staff guide to personal tutoring. Retrieved from https://www.plymouth.ac.uk/uploads/production/document/path/10/10504/PT_Staff_Guide__Oct_17__HD.pdf (Accessed on 4 July 2018).

University of Reading (2018) University of Reading . (2018). Prevent Duty approach. Retrieved from http://www.reading.ac.uk/web/files/office-of-the-university-secretary/UoR_Approach_to_the_Prevent_Duty.pdf (Accessed on 4 July 2018).

University of Salford (2018) University of Salford . (2018). The Prevent Duty. Retrieved from http://www.salford.ac.uk/about-us/corporate-information/the-prevent-duty (Accessed on 20 January 2018).

University of Sheffield (2018) University of Sheffield . (2018). Prevent case studies. Retrieved from https://www.sheffield.ac.uk/sss/safeguarding-overview/prevent/case-studies. Accessed on July 4, 2018.

University of Sunderland (2018) University of Sunderland . (2018). When you think a student is susceptible to radicalisation. Retrieved from https://services.sunderland.ac.uk/images/services/hr2015/documents/Prevent%20-%20When%20to%20Refer.pdf. Accessed on July 4, 2018.

University of Surrey (2016) University of Surrey . (2016). Prevent policy. Retrieved from https://www.surrey.ac.uk/currentstudents/Files/PreventPolicy-April2016.pdf. Accessed on July 4, 2018.

University of Sussex (2018) University of Sussex . (2018). University of Sussex response to the Prevent Duty. Retrieved from http://www.sussex.ac.uk/prevent/approach (Accessed on 20 July 2018).

University of Roehampton (2016) University of Roehampton . (2016). Summary report of the latest meeting of student Senate. Retrieved from https://www.roehampton.ac.uk/globalassets/documents/corporate-information/student-senate/student-senate-report-17-24.02.16.pdf (Accessed on 17 July 2018).

University of West of England (2017) University of West of England . (2017). Safeguarding under the Prevent Duty. Retrieved from http://www1.uwe.ac.uk/students/healthandwellbeing/safeguardingatuwebristol/safeguardingandpreventduty.aspx (Accessed on 20 July 2018).

University of Westminster (2018) University of Westminster . (2018). Prevent Duty. Retrieved from https://www.westminster.ac.uk/about-us/our-university/corporate-information/policies-and-documents-a-z/prevent-duty (Accessed on 19 July, 2018).

Verkaik (2016) Verkaik, R. (2016). Jihadi John: The making of a terrorist. London: Oneworld.

Vermeulen (2014) Vermeulen, F. (2014). Suspect communities: Targeting violent extremism at the local level: Policies of engagement in Amsterdam, Berlin, and London. Terrorism and Political Violence, 26(2), 286306.

Vidino & Brandon (2012) Vidino, L. , & Brandon, J. (2012). Countering radicalisation in Europe. London: International Centre for Radicalisation and Political Violence.

Wagemakers (2012) Wagemakers, J. (2012). A quietist jihadi: The ideology and influence of Abu Muhammad al-Maqdisi. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Weinberg (2005) Weinberg, L. (2005) Global terrorism: A beginner’s guide. Oxford: Oneworld Publications.

The White House (2015) The White House . (2015). Fact sheet: The White House summit on countering violent extremism. Retrieved from https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/the-press-office/2015/02/18/fact-sheet-white-house-summit-countering-violent-extremism (Accessed 26 July 2018).

Wichert (1991) Wichert, S. (1991). Northern Ireland since 1945. Harlow: Longman.

Wiktorowicz (2004) Wiktorowicz, Q. (2004). Islamic activism: A social movement theory approach. Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press.

Wiktorowicz (2006) Wiktorowicz, Q. (2006). Anatomy of the Salafi movement. Studies in Conflict & Terrorism, 29(3), 207239.

Wille (2017) Wille, M. (2017). Countering radicalisation and violent extremism: The role of Norwegian higher education institutions. MPhil thesis, University of Oslo. Retrieved from https://www.duo.uio.no/bitstream/handle/10852/58586/Wille_Thesis_June2017.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y (Accessed on 26 July 2018).

Wilson (2010) Wilson, T. (2010). Frontiers of violence: Conflict and identity in Ulster and Upper Silesia 1918–1922. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Writtle University College (2018) Writtle University College . (2018) British values. Retrieved from http://writtle.ac.uk/British-Values (Accessed on 20 July 2018).

York St. John University (2018) York St. John University . (2018) Research ethics and integrity. Retrieved from https://www.yorksj.ac.uk/research/research-ethics--integrity/ (Accessed on 24 July 2018).