Abbasid Caliphate

, 5

Abd-Allah, Umar Faruq

, 71

Abrahamic tradition

, 35

‘Acquired’ knowledge

, 65, 69

Adab

, 68–70

Adam (Prophet)

, 4

Al-Attas, Syed Muhammad Al-Naquib

, 3

Al-Azhar University in Cairo, Egypt

, 9, 11, 16

educational context

, 16

educational practice

, 16

Al-Bukhari, Muhammad Ibn Ismail

, 83

Al-Ghazali, Abu Hamid

, 3, 7, 9, 22, 28, 112

classification of knowledge

, 60–61

mystical-theoretical approach

, 55–56

mystical-theoretical-approach towards learning

, 75

universal perspective of

, 50–52

Al-Ma’dani, Abu Ja’far

, 19

Al-Mulk, Fakhr

, 8

Al-Mulk, Nizam

, 7

Al-Qarawiyyin mosque, Morocco

, 6

Al-Qarawiyyin University, Morocco

, 24–25, 55–56

educational context

, 24

educational practice

, 24–25

Alqueria de Rosales, Spain

, 109

Al-Qushairi, Abu ‘l-Qasim

, 14

Al-Shaybany

, 60

Al-Tusi, Nizam-ul-Mulk Hassan Bin

, 9, 20, 28

Ankara University

, 10

Arabic language

, 46

Arab traders

, 76

Archangel Gabriel

, 47

Aristole

, 58

Ar-Rashid, Harun

, 20

Atartuk, Mustafa Kamal

, 10

Augustine, St.

, 49

Bait al-Hikmah

, 20, 21

Bible

, 35

Bin Hafiz, Habib Umar

, 53

The Book of Songs (Abu I-Farag al-Isfahani’s Kitab al-agani)

, 87

Bourdieu, Pierre

, 85

Buddhism

, 81, 88

Buddhist upaya

, 69

Case study

Al-Azhar, Egypt

, 16

Al-Qarawiyyin University, Morrocco

, 24–25

Alqueria de Rosales, Spain

, 109

Dar al-Mustafa school

, 53–54

Nawawi Foundation, USA

, 71

SeekersHub

, 117

Tabah Foundation

, 30

Zaytuna College

, 103

Christianity

, 81

Classical Islam

, 17

Colonialism

, 10

Colonial rule

impact and responses

, 10

Islamic countries and

, 10

Confucianism

, 81

The Creed of Imam al-Tahawi (Hanson)

, 106

‘Crusaders’

, 9

Culture

Egyptian

, 58

Greek

, 58

Indian

, 58

Islamic

, 13

Persian

, 58

Syrian

, 58

Dar al-Ilm

, 20, 21

Dar al-Mustafa school

, 53–54

educational context

, 53

educational practice

, 53–54

Din (religion)

, 36–38, 41–44

Division of knowledge

, 13–15

Early Islamic educational institution

, 16

Education. See Islamic education

Educational reform

, 11–12

See also Islamic educational reform

Egypt

civil administration schools in

, 10

Napolean’s invasion of

, 9

veterinary science schools in

, 10

Egyptian culture

, 58

Embodied learning

conceptual framework for Islamic pedagogy

, 100–103

defined

, 85

memorisation as a method to

, 77–86

oral transmissions and the spoken word

, 86–93

written text as an ‘aide-memoire’ for transmitters

, 93–99

Engineering academics

, 10

Entzauberungsprozess

, 44

Eternal truths

, 56

European Renaissance

, 10

Fields of knowledge

, 12–15

Fiqh (jurisprudence)

, 12, 13, 27

Fitrah (human nature)

, 36–40

‘Fundamentalism’

, 45

Geerts, Clifford

, 79

God-given knowledge

, 65, 69

Greek classical texts

, 58

Greek culture

, 58

Greek language

, 58

Greensville Trust, UK

, 11

educational context

, 62

educational practice

, 62

Hadith

, 3, 67

Halaqa

, 18–19

Hanafi school

, 45

Hanbali school of jurisprudence

, 45

Higher education madrasahs

, 56–57

Hikmah (philosophy)

, 45, 47–50, 59

Hinduism

, 81, 88

History and Qur’an commentary (at-Tabari)

, 87

‘Homo-duplex’

, 85

Humanity

Islam and

, 36–44

nature and

, 36–44

Ibn Butlan

, 12

Ibn Hanbal, Imam Ahmad

, 83

Ibn Shunbudh, Ghulam

, 13

Ihya’ ‘Ulum al-Din (The Revival of the Religious Sciences) (Al-Ghazali)

, 7–8

Ijaza

, 6, 27

Illuminationist (ishraqi) philosophy

, 48–49

Imam Abu Hanifa

, 83

Imam Nawawi

, 71

Indian culture

, 58

Institutions

administrative

, 5

governmental

, 5

Islamisation of

, 11–12

social

, 5

spiritual

, 5

See also Islamic institution

International Islamic University of Malaysia

, 55

‘Intuitive philosophy’ (hikmah dhawqiyyah)

, 48–49

Islam

, 3, 18, 58

classical

, 17

humanity and nature

, 36–44

knowledge acquisition in

, 3

knowledge and

, 44–50

mosque and

, 5

significance of knowledge in

, 28

tawhid (unity)

, 36

wisdom in

, 58–59

Islamic culture

, 13

Islamic education

, 3

and Al-Ghazali’s classification of knowledge

, 60–61

Cook on

, 60

order and discipline in

, 28–29

philosophy of

, 58–60

spiritual understanding of

, 55–61

Thomas on

, 60

universality of

, 63–68

Islamic educational institutions

, 119–120

Bait al-Hikmah

, 20, 21

Dar al-Ilm

, 20, 21

jami’

, 17, 20–21

khanqah

, 17, 22–23

kuttab

, 22

library

, 21

majlis

, 18–19

maktab

, 22

masjid

, 17, 19–20

ribat

, 17, 22–23

zawiya

, 17, 22

Islamic educational reform

, 8–12

colonial rule, its impact and responses

, 10

educational reform and Islamisation of institutions

, 11–12

phases of

, 8–12

post-independence educational unification and expansion

, 10–11

traditionalist madrasah

, 8–9

West and rise of professional colleges

, 9–10

Islamic institution

, 3–16

fields of knowledge

, 12–15

Islamic educational reform

, 8–12

madrasahs

, 5–8

Islamic literature

, 4

Islamic pedagogy

conceptual framework for

, 100–102

for embodied learning

, 75–103

universal nature of

, 105–109

universal principles of

, 105–107

Islamic pedagogy and the implication to learning

, 107–108

Islamic scholastic community. See Scholastic community

Islamic theology (kalam)

, 47–50

Islamisation of institutions

, 11–12

Jami’

, 17, 20–21

Judaism

, 81

Juridical reasoning

, 47

Kalam (Islamic theology)

, 45, 47–50

Khalifah (viceregent)

, 36–38, 40–41

Khanqah

, 17, 22–23

Kitab al-ilm (The Book of Knowledge)

, 90

Kitab as-sir wa-s-su’ara (Ibn Qutaybah)

, 100

Kitab Sibawahyi (Sibawahyi)

, 91

Knowledge

acquired

, 65, 69

as an educational compass

, 63–71

defined

, 65

division of

, 13–15

epistemological understanding of

, 63–64

fields of

, 12–15

God and

, 64–65

God-given

, 65, 69

Islamic perspective of

, 45–47

man and

, 64

memorisation of

, 77

philosophy of Islam and

, 44–50

sacred

, 3

soul and

, 64

supplementary

, 14

Koestler, Arthur

, 82

Kuttab

, 22

Learning

cognitive

, 108

embodiment of

, 107–108

Islamic impetus for

, 107

Islamic pedagogy and implication to

, 107–108

prayer and

, 106

reliable and authentic

, 105

Madhab

, 6, 17

Madrasah Nizamiya, in Nishapur

, 20

Madrasahs

, 5–8, 55

definition of

, 5–8

higher education

, 56–57

in Middle East

, 11

traditionalist

, 8–9

Majlis

, 18–19

Majlis al-fatwa

, 19

Majlis al-hadith

, 19

Majlis al-hukum

, 19

Majlis al-’ilm

, 19

Majlis al-wa’za

, 19

Majlis an-nazar

, 19

Majlis ash-shu’ara

, 19

Majlis at-tadris

, 19

Maktab

, 22

Maliki school

, 45

Man

defined

, 64

and knowledge

, 64

Masjid

, 17, 19–20

Maturidism

, 48

Medieval Christian philosophy

, 46

Memorisation

as an educational approach

, 83

Arabic poets and scholars and

, 77

of knowledge

, 77

orality and

, 77

as pedagogy method

, 86

of poetry

, 77

of Qur’an

, 77, 79–87

religious practices of Islam and

, 77

of sacred knowledge

, 78

sacred texts

, 75–77

of sacred texts

, 84

verbatim

, 80

Micro-madrasahs

, 62

Middle East

, 11

Mudarris

, 28

Muhammad (Prophet)

, 3, 18–19, 27–28, 35, 58, 75–76, 79, 88, 90, 94

Muqaddimah (Ibn Khaldun)

, 98

Muslim East

, 5

Muslims

, 3, 18

equal rights to use the mosque

, 5

‘fundamentalism’ and

, 45

inner and outer life of

, 7

knowledge acquisition and

, 3

in the Malay archipelago

, 76

secularist modernism and

, 45

Western approaches to education and

, 9

Mu’tazilism

, 48

Nafs (living entity)

, 36–37

Nasr, Seyyed Hossein

, 56

Nasser, Gemel Abdel

, 11

Nature

humanity and

, 36–44

Islam and

, 36–44

Nawawi Foundation, USA

, 71

educational context

, 71

educational practice

, 71

‘Niche of Light’

, 51

Nizamiyyah Academy, Baghdad

, 7–8, 9, 55

Orality

complex messages of

, 92

cultural and religious traditions of Islam and

, 80

importance of

, 80, 86, 90–91, 99

memorisation and

, 77, 88, 99

as mode of communication

, 86

as mode of cultural transmission

, 86

sacred text and

, 77, 99

teaching and

, 92

Oral transmissions

, 86–93

Ottomans

, 9

Pedagogy. See Islamic pedagogy

Perennial philosophy

, 44

Peripatetic (mashshai) philosophy

, 48–49

Persian culture

, 58

Persian language

, 46

Philosophia perennis

, 56

Plato

, 77–78

Post-independence educational unification and expansion

, 10–11

Prayer

, 106

Professional colleges, West and rise of

, 9–10

Qur’an

, 3, 35, 60

Rational philosophy (hikmah bahthiyyah)

, 49

Recitation

Islamic teaching and learning and

, 86

monastic orders and

, 80

monks and

, 80

of the Qur’an

, 89, 99

Qur’anic literacy and

, 97

of sacred texts

, 77

vowelled-consonant

, 86

Religious education

, 76

See also Islamic education

‘Revival of the Religious Sciences’

, 50

Ribat

, 17, 22–23

Sacred, as an educational compass

, 63–70

Sacred knowledge

, 3

Sadr al-Din Shirazi

, 48

Scholastic community

, 27–31

School of thought

, 5

Schools of jurisprudence

, 5

Science of recitations

, 88

Scientia sacra

, 44

Secularist modernism

, 45

SeekersHub

, 11, 117

Self-disclosure of the divine

, 44–45

Shaykh

, 28, 105

Shaykh al-ishraqi Shihab al-Din Suhrawardi

, 49

Socrates

, 77, 99

Spiritual understanding of Islamic education

, 55–61

Spoken word

embodied learning and

, 86–93

and oral transmissions

, 86–93

Spoken word, and oral transmissions

, 86–93

Sufism

, 8, 14, 15

Sunnah

, 3, 60, 67

‘Supplementary knowledge’

, 14

Syrian culture

, 58

Tabah Foundation

, 30

educational context

, 30

educational practice

, 30

Tawhid

, 36, 61

Teaching

authenticity of

, 89

in Islamic institutions

, 67

in madrasahs

, 67

orality and

, 92

prayer and

, 106

of sacred texts

, 81

traditional strategies of

, 77, 92

Thomas, St.

, 49

Traditionalist madrasah

, 8–9

Turba

, 17

Twelve Imam theology

, 48

Ulama

, 6, 27

Universality of Islamic education

, 63–68

Universal nature of Islamic pedagogy

, 105–109

University of al-Azhar, Egypt

, 55

University of Istanbul

, 10

Usul al-Din (theology)

, 14

Weber, Max

, 44

The Well-Trodden Path (Malik ibn abas’s Muwatta)

, 87

Western civilisation

, 10

Western higher education institutions

, 10

Written text as an ‘aide-memoire’ for transmitters

, 93–99

Yahya, al-Fadl b.

, 20

Zawiya

, 17, 22

Zaytuna College

, 11, 103

Zaytuna Institute. See Zaytuna College