AA. See Arithmetic averaging (AA)

ABM. See Agent-based modelling (ABM)

Adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS)

, 63, 391, 394–395, 399–400

forecast accuracy of developed models

, 401–402

input selection and prediction modelling

, 396–397

limitations, directions for future studies and potential applications

, 404–405

practical implications

, 403–404

R-Code for ANFIS

, 410–411

tender price index forecasting

, 402–403

univariate modelling techniques

, 391–394

univariate models application

, 398

Advanced modelling techniques

, 416, 419

AEC company. See Architect-engineer-construction Company (AEC company)

Age hierarchy

, 377

Agenarisk software package

, 306

Agent unified modelling language (AUML)

, 164, 165

Agent-based model

, 163–164

Agent-based modelling (ABM)

, 83–84, 154–155

Agglomerative hierarchical clustering

, 67

Aggregated score

, 343

Aggregation

, 232, 242–243

See also Fuzzy aggregation

Agreement. See Idempotence

AHP. See Analytic hierarchy process (AHP)

AI models. See Artificial intelligence models (AI models)

AIC. See Akaike information criteria (AIC)

Akaike information criteria (AIC)

, 399

Algebraic product t-norm

, 124–131

α-cut method

, 19–20, 160

Analytic hierarchy process (AHP)

, 21–22, 70, 185–186, 189, 235, 280, 285, 306

fuzzy extensions

, 280–288

Analytic network process (ANP)

, 83, 185–186, 190

ANFIS. See Adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS)

ANN. See Artificial neural network (ANN)

ANP. See Analytic network process (ANP)

Ant colony system

, 42, 92

Appraisal

, 313

AR model. See Autoregression model (AR model)

Archimedean t-norms

, 117–118

Architect-engineer-construction company (AEC company)

, 415

project execution process for

, 416

Area methods

, 286–287

Arithmetic averaging (AA)

, 242–243

Arm gestures, robotic manipulator modelling of

, 453–460

Artificial bee colony algorithm

, 42

Artificial intelligence models (AI models)

, 64, 392, 393, 402, 404–405

Artificial neural network (ANN)

, 52, 157

hybridisation of fuzzy logic with

, 52, 63–66

Associativity property

, 245

@Risk software package

, 306, 311

Attitude towards risk. See Index of optimism

AUML. See Agent unified modelling language (AUML)

Autoregression model (AR model)

, 393

Average tolerance value

, 327

Backward stage process

, 395

Bell-shaped (Gaussian) membership function

, 10

BI. See Business intelligence (BI)

BIM. See Building information modelling (BIM)

Black box models

, 405

BOT projects. See Build, operate and transfer projects (BOT projects)

Bounded difference t-norm

, 131–136

Box–Jenkins model

, 391, 393, 398–399

Build, operate and transfer projects (BOT projects)

, 90, 161

Building design applications

, 264

Building information modelling (BIM)

, 366, 415

Business intelligence (BI)

, 358

C-IOWA. See Consistency IOWA (C-IOWA)

Capital expenditure (CAPEX)

, 305

CAPEX. See Capital expenditure (CAPEX)

Cash flow analysis of resultant revenue

, 311

Causal loop diagrams (CLDs)

, 152–153

Causal models

, 421

Cause-and-effect analysis

complex

, 434–436

compound

, 433–434

simple

, 424–432

Cause-effect approach

, 415

Centre of area method (COA method)

, 162, 268

Centre of gravity (COG)

, 16

CFPRs. See Consistent fuzzy preference relations (CFPRs)

CFs. See Contribution factors (CFs)

Chaotic-based DE technique

, 68

Characteristic of fuzzy set

alpha-cut (α-cut)

, 11–13, 19

complement

, 14, 18

core

, 11

height

, 11

support

, 11

CI. See Consistency index (CI)

CID. See Concept identifier (CID)

CL. See Complexity level (CL)

Classical set

, 7

See also Crisp set

Classical set theory

, 8–9

CLDs. See Causal loop diagrams (CLDs)

Closeness coefficient (CC). See Relative closeness index

CLP. See Construction labour productivity (CLP)

Clustering

agglomerative hierarchical clustering

, 66

methods based on

, 23–24

model-based clustering

, 67

partitional k-means clustering

, 67

See also Fuzzy clustering

CM. See Construction management (CM)

CM–FCM. See Construction management FCM modelling (CM–FCM)

COA method. See Centre of area method (COA method)

Coefficient of determination (R ²)

, 64, 69

Coefficient of variation (COV)

, 317

COG. See Centre of gravity (COG)

Cognitive maps

, 419

See also Fuzzy cognitive map (FCM)

Commutativity property

, 244

Complex cause-and-effect example

, 434–436

Complexity level (CL)

, 293, 295, 296

Compound cause-and-effect analysis

, 433–434, 437

Computational discrete methods

, 119

Computational methods

, 119

extended fuzzy arithmetic

using algebraic product t-norm

, 124–131

using bounded difference t-norm

, 131–136

using drastic product t-norm

, 137–141

for implementation

of extended fuzzy arithmetic

, 123–124

of standard fuzzy arithmetic

, 121–123

triangular fuzzy numbers

, 120

Concept identifier (CID)

, 434

Concordance index

, 191

Consecutive fuzzy arithmetic operations

, 116

Consensus

, 231–232, 233, 234–235, 236–237, 239, 241, 242, 270, 344

See also Fuzzy consensus

Consensus index

, 264

Consensus measures

, 236

Consensus-reaching process

, 234

Consistency index (CI)

, 284

Consistency IOWA (C-IOWA)

, 249

Consistency of fuzzy pairwise comparisons

, 284–285

check for

, 290

Consistency ratio (CR)

, 198–199, 284

Consistent fuzzy preference relations (CFPRs)

, 266

Constrained fuzzy arithmetic

, 286, 287

Construction

, 5, 9, 20, 24, 30, 39, 50, 63, 64, 80, 89, 95, 141, 150–151, 155, 171, 187, 283

bidding applications

, 268–269

construction risk analysis, fuzzy hybrid techniques in

, 308

cost

, 390

engineering

, 358, 423

CM–FCM model

, 423–424

complex cause-and-effect example

, 434–436

compound cause-and-effect analysis

, 433–434, 437

simple cause-and-effect analysis

, 424–432

FSD model of quality management practice

, 168–170

fuzzy AHP application in construction project complexity evaluation

, 288

consistency of fuzzy pairwise comparisons

, 290

fuzzy pairwise comparison matrices

, 289–290

hierarchical structure of project complexity

, 288–289

local and global weights of criteria and sub-criteria

, 290–293

project complexity and performance

, 293–295

fuzzy arithmetic operations in construction applications

, 141–145

fuzzy consensus reaching and aggregation in construction industry applications

, 263–270

fuzzy simulation technique

, 168–171

applications of fuzzy system dynamics (FSD)

, 168–170

for construction modelling

, 167–168

fuzzy agent-based modelling (ABM) applications

, 170–171, 172

managers

, 414

procurement

, 266–267

productivity applications

, 269–270

sector

, 5

simulation techniques

, 150, 151–155

type

, 371–372

Construction labour productivity (CLP)

, 67

Construction management (CM)

, 414–417

enhancing CM tools and practices with FCM

, 417–419

Construction management FCM modelling (CM–FCM)

, 416, 419, 423–424, 432, 438–446

Construction projects

, 185

essential tasks in construction project management

, 364

cost management

, 364–365

planning analysis

, 366–367

safety analysis

, 365–366

life cycle

, 358

planning

, 366

Construction supply chain (CSC)

, 42

optimization

, 48

Context awareness

, 368

Contract-related risks

, 418

Contribution factors (CFs)

, 265

Convex fuzzy set

, 12–13

Cooperative neuro-fuzzy system

, 65–66

CoSMo

, 268–269

Cost

, 390

cost/tender price index

, 390

estimation

, 364

management

, 364–365

COV. See Coefficient of variation (COV)

CR. See Consistency ratio (CR)

Crane guidance

motion sensing

, 460

signals

, 452–453

Crane guidance gesture recognition

, 453

experimental results

, 466

fuzzy rule for stop

, 470, 471

hoist

, 467

human motions

, 452–453

lower

, 468

motion capture with Kinect camera and Myo Armband sensors

, 463–465

robotic manipulator modelling of arm gestures

, 453–460

Sugeno-type fuzzy inference system

, 460–463

swing

, 469

travel

, 470

Crisp hierarchy

, 363

Crisp set

, 11–13, 14, 18

See also Classical set

Crystalball

, 306

CSC. See Construction supply chain (CSC)

‘Cube’ of project complexity

, 288–289

Data management strategy

, 358

Data warehouse (DW)

, 359–360

Data-driven methods

, 20, 22

Datacube

, 370

DB project delivery. See Design build project delivery (DB project delivery)

DE. See Differential evolution (DE)

Decision criteria

, 341

Decision makers (DMs)

, 339

Decision support system

, 45, 358, 419

Decision-making

, 421

in construction management

applications of IF-MCDM

, 221

FMCDM methods and applications

, 197–220

fuzzy set theory and typical extensions

, 192–197

MCDM process and methods

, 186–192

processes

, 5, 9, 265, 343, 367, 379

for project planning

, 367

Defuzzification

, 16, 285–288

centre of area (COA)

, 162, 198, 268, 286

centre of gravity (COG)

, 16

interface

, 27

largest of maxima (LOM)

, 162

mean of maxima

, 17

median of area

, 16

method

, 206, 350

middle of maxima

, 162, 286

smallest of maxima

, 162

Defuzzified trapezoidal type-2 FS approach (DTraT approach)

, 216

Degree of belonging

, 307

Degree of experts

, 234–235

Degree of membership. See Membership functions

Degree of truth. See Membership functions

Degrees of freedom (DOF)

, 210, 454

Degrees of support (DoS)

, 26

Delphi method

, 339, 344

Denavit–Hartenberg model (D–H model)

, 453, 454

DES. See Discrete event simulation (DES)

Design build project delivery (DB project delivery)

, 267

Deterministic solutions

, 314

Deterministic values

, 88–89, 155

Deterministic variable

, 156, 157, 162

D–H model. See Denavit–Hartenberg model (D–H model)

Dice operation

, 361

Differential evolution (DE)

, 43

Dimensions

, 363, 368, 369

Direct assignment of membership functions

, 20–21

Discordance index

, 191

Discrete event simulation (DES)

, 83–84, 152

Distance measure

, 27, 212, 261, 265, 269

Distribution methods

, 286–287

DMs. See Decision makers (DMs)

DOF. See Degrees of freedom (DOF)

DoS. See Degrees of support (DoS)

.NET framework

, 464

Drastic product t-norm

, 137–141

Drill-down operations

, 361

Drilling cost

, 325

Dry-hole risk

, 311

for subsea option

, 314–315

DTraT approach. See Defuzzified trapezoidal type-2 FS approach (DTraT approach)

DW. See Data warehouse (DW)

Dynamic modelling of arm gestures

, 453–454

Dynamic systems

, 152–153

Earthmoving operation

, 142

Earthmoving process-type system

, 152

EAs. See Evolutionary algorithms (EAs)

EBS financial system. See Enterprise business suite financial system (EBS financial system)

Econometric techniques

, 392

Economic criteria

, 79

Economic growth

, 5

Economic markets

, 414

Economic screening

, 313

concept selection parameters

, 321

dry-hole risk for subsea option

, 314–315

fuzzy AHP technique

, 318–323

MCS

, 314

normalised weight distribution

, 322

pairwise comparison of factors

, 322

production risk for subsea option

, 315–318

tolerance value for membership functions of fuzzy sets

, 323

Effective risk analysis

, 305

Effective risk management

, 304–305

EFNIM. See Evolutionary fuzzy neural inference model (EFNIM)

EKF. See Extended Kalman filter (EKF)

ELECTRE. See Elimination and choice expressing reality (ELECTRE)

Elimination and choice expressing reality (ELECTRE)

, 70, 186, 191

Empirical data

, 337, 339, 343

Empirical evidence

, 396

Enterprise business suite financial system (EBS financial system)

, 421

Enterprise project planning system

, 422

Enterprise resource planning system (ERP system)

, 421

Entropy for fuzzy sets

, 3

Entropy-based fuzzy AHP

, 287, 290, 293, 296

Environmental criteria

, 78–79

ERD well solution. See Extended reach drilling well solution (ERD well solution)

ERP system. See Enterprise resource planning system (ERP system)

ETL process. See Extract, transform and load process (ETL process)

Euler angle

, 452

Evolutionary algorithms (EAs)

, 42

Evolutionary fuzzy neural inference model (EFNIM)

, 52, 64–65

Expert judgement

, 21, 30, 162–163, 185–187, 231, 267, 284, 290

Expert knowledge

, 6–7, 63, 70, 80, 84, 88–90, 150, 158, 162, 364, 368

Expert systems

, 417

See also fuzzy expert system

Expertise

, 417

Extended fuzzy arithmetic

, 113, 116–119

using algebraic product t-norm

, 124–131

using bounded difference t-norm

, 131–136

using drastic product t-norm

, 137–141

implementation

, 123–124

Extended Kalman filter (EKF)

, 456–458

Extended reach drilling well solution (ERD well solution)

, 312

Extension principle

, 116

Extract, transform and load process (ETL process)

, 359

F-PROMETHEE. See FS-based preference ranking organisation method enrichment evaluation (F-PROMETHEE)

FABM. See Fuzzy agent-based modelling (FABM)

FAHP. See Fuzzy analytic hierarchy process (FAHP)

Failed risk management

, 304–305

FATLBO. See Fuzzy adaptive teaching-learning-based optimization (FATLBO)

FCM. See Fuzzy c-means (FCM); Fuzzy cognitive map (FCM)

FCM-PSO. See Fuzzy c-means-particle swarm optimisation (FCM-PSO)

FCQRA framework. See Fuzzy consensus qualitative risk analysis framework (FCQRA framework)

FDES. See Fuzzy discrete event simulation (FDES)

FDMM. See Fuzzy distance measurement method (FDMM)

Feedback

, 420

loops

, 153

processes

, 153–154

FEGA-PSO. See Fuzzy enabled GA-PSO method (FEGA-PSO)

FES. See Fuzzy expert system (FES)

FIS. See Fuzzy inference system (FIS)

FL. See Fuzzy logic (FL)

Flat fuzzy numbers

, 19

Flexible management of essential construction tasks

essential tasks in construction project management

, 364–367

example of queries resolution

, 379–382

fuzzy multi-dimensional model

, 362–364

fuzzy multi-dimensional structure

, 367–379

information

, 358–359

measure and dimensions

, 383

multi-dimensional structure

, 359–362

FLINMAP. See Fuzzy linear programming technique for multi-dimensional analysis of preference (FLINMAP)

FMCDM. See Fuzzy multi-criteria decision-making (FMCDM)

FMCS. See Fuzzy Monte Carlo simulation (FMCS)

FN-IOWA. See Fuzzy number induced ordered weighted averaging (FN-IOWA)

FNIS. See Fuzzy negative ideal solution (FNIS)

FNNs. See Fuzzy neural networks (FNNs)

FOAM. See Fuzzy optimal aggregation method (FOAM)

Footprint of uncertainty (FOU)

, 196

Forecast accuracy of developed models

, 401–402

Forward recursive equations

, 454

FOU. See Footprint of uncertainty (FOU)

FPIS. See Fuzzy positive ideal solution (FPIS)

FPRC approach. See Fuzzy preference relation consensus approach (FPRC approach)

FPWA operator. See Fuzzy prioritised weighted averaging operator (FPWA operator)

FRBS. See Fuzzy rule-based system (FRBS)

Frequency response function (FRF)

, 67–68

FRF. See Frequency response function (FRF)

FSAM. See Fuzzy similarity aggregation method (FSAM)

FSC model. See Fuzzy similarity consensus model (FSC model)

FSD. See Fuzzy system dynamics (FSD)

FSE. See Fuzzy synthetic evaluation (FSE)

FST. See Fuzzy set theory (FST)

Fuzzification

, 16–17, 394

Fuzziness accumulation

, 116

Fuzzy ABM model of construction crew motivation and performance

, 170

Fuzzy adaptive teaching-learning-based optimization (FATLBO)

, 42–43

Fuzzy agent-based modelling (FABM)

, 84, 91–92, 162–167

applications

, 170–171, 172

Fuzzy aggregation

, 112–113, 242

classification of fuzzy aggregation operators and properties

, 243–245

FN-IOWA

, 248–251

fuzzy aggregation operators for MCGDM problems

, 245

fuzzy prioritised weighted aggregation operators

, 251–257

fuzzy prioritized weighted averaging operator (FPWA operator)

, 252

fuzzy TOPSIS-based approach for prioritised aggregation

, 257–263

FWA

, 245–246

LOWA

, 246–248

Fuzzy analytic hierarchy process (FAHP)

, 70–79, 235, 270, 280, 318–323

application

in evaluating construction project complexity

, 288–295

in oil drilling

, 310–313

computation in subsea drilling option

, 324–331

investment appraisal for oil drilling methods

, 304, 323

appraisal

, 313

economic screening

, 313–323

risk analysis in projects

, 305–310

Fuzzy arithmetic

, 19

alpha-cut (α-cut) approach

, 19–20

extension principle approach

, 19–20

Fuzzy arithmetic operations

, 238–239

computational methods

, 119–141

in construction applications

, 141–145

exact mathematical methods

, 112–119

fuzzy addition

, 113, 238

fuzzy division

, 113, 120

fuzzy multiplication

, 113, 115, 120

fuzzy subtraction

, 113, 120

Fuzzy c-means (FCM)

, 23, 49, 66–68, 160–161

Fuzzy c-means-particle swarm optimisation (FCM-PSO)

, 68–69

Fuzzy calculator

, 141

Fuzzy CDF. See Fuzzy cumulative distribution function (fuzzy CDF)

Fuzzy clustering

, 66

fuzzy c-means (FCM) clustering

, 66–70

subtractive clustering

, 66–67

See also Clustering

Fuzzy cognitive map (FCM)

, 414–416

enhancing CM tools and practices with

, 417–419

modelling

, 419–423

Fuzzy composition

, 15–16

Fuzzy consensus

, 232–234, 242, 263–266, 270–271

See also Consensus

Fuzzy consensus qualitative risk analysis framework (FCQRA framework)

, 265

Fuzzy consensus-reaching process

, 233, 234, 263

building design applications

, 264

consensus measures

, 236

construction

bidding applications

, 268–269

procurement and project delivery applications

, 266–267

productivity applications

, 269–270

importance degree of experts

, 234–235

for MCGDM problems

, 236–242

mechanism adopting to guide discussion process

, 234

preference representation formats

, 235–236

risk analysis and hazard assessment applications

, 265–266

Fuzzy cumulative distribution function (fuzzy CDF)

, 84

Fuzzy database

, 384

Fuzzy datacube

, 363

Fuzzy discrete event simulation (FDES)

, 84, 88–90, 142, 151, 157–159, 167

Fuzzy distance measurement method (FDMM)

, 265

Fuzzy domain

, 19–20

Fuzzy enabled GA-PSO method (FEGA-PSO)

, 51

Fuzzy evaluation vector of RM capability

, 348–349

Fuzzy extensions of AHP

, 280

consistency of fuzzy pairwise comparisons

, 284–285

fuzzy pairwise comparisons

, 281–284

fuzzy weights and defuzzification

, 285–288

Fuzzy feedback models

, 420

Fuzzy hybrid machine learning

, 52, 92–93

fuzzy clustering techniques

, 66–70

hybridisation of fuzzy logic with ANN technique

, 52, 63–66

papers for fuzzy hybrid machine learning techniques in construction

, 53–62

techniques

, 38

Fuzzy hybrid modelling in construction

, 29–30

Fuzzy hybrid optimization

, 41, 92

fuzzy hybrid evolutionary models

, 43, 48–49

fuzzy hybrid particle swarm optimization models

, 50–52

models

, 38

papers for fuzzy hybrid optimization models in construction

, 44–47

Fuzzy hybrid particle swarm optimization models

, 50–52

Fuzzy hybrid techniques

in construction engineering and management

future research directions

, 94–96

fuzzy multi-criteria decision-making

, 70–83, 93–94

fuzzy simulation

, 83–92, 94

systematic literature review methodology

, 39–41

in construction risk analysis

, 308

Fuzzy inference system (FIS)

, 24, 453, 469

See also Fuzzy expert system (FES); Fuzzy rule-based system (FRBS); Mamdani inference; Mamdani-type fuzzy inference system; Sugeno inference; Sugeno fuzzy inference system; Sugeno-type fuzzy inference system

Fuzzy intersection

, 14

Fuzzy linear programming technique for multi-dimensional analysis of preference (FLINMAP)

, 83

Fuzzy linguistic terms

, 266

Fuzzy logic (FL)

, 38, 151, 305–308, 359, 362, 417, 453

integration and simulation techniques

, 157

fuzzy agent-based modelling

, 162–167

fuzzy DES

, 157–159

fuzzy system dynamics

, 159–162

Fuzzy machine learning techniques

, 30, 157, 159–163, 166, 173

Fuzzy membership functions

, 49, 65–66, 84, 460–462

Fuzzy Monte Carlo simulation (FMCS)

, 84, 88, 306

Fuzzy multi-criteria decision-making (FMCDM)

, 38, 70, 93–94

fuzzy AHP

, 70, 78–79

fuzzy TOPSIS

, 80–81

fuzzy VIKOR

, 82–83

methods

, 186, 267

methods and applications

, 197

in construction management

, 197–220

FS-based MCDM methods and applications

, 197–205

HFS-based MCDM methods and applications

, 210–214

IFS-based MCDM methods and applications

, 205–210

linguistic variables

, 427

relationships for significant first-time events

, 428–430

T2FS-based MCDM methods and applications

, 214–220

papers for fuzzy multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) techniques in construction

, 71–77

See also Group decision-making process (GDM process); Multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM); Multi-criteria group decision-making problems (MCGDM problems)

Fuzzy multi-dimensional structure

, 359, 362–364, 367

company

, 374–375

construction organisations

, 367–368

construction type

, 371–372

dimensions

, 369

injury

, 378–379

location

, 375–376

project

, 370–371

promoter

, 374

task

, 372–374

time

, 369–370

worker

, 377–378

Fuzzy negative ideal solution (FNIS)

, 258, 269

Fuzzy neural networks (FNNs)

, 52

Fuzzy number induced ordered weighted averaging (FN-IOWA)

, 232, 248–251

Fuzzy numbers

, 18–20, 91, 112–113

Fuzzy optimal aggregation method (FOAM)

, 265

Fuzzy pairwise comparison

check for consistency of

, 290

matrices

, 289–290

Fuzzy partitions

, 13–14

Fuzzy positive ideal solution (FPIS)

, 258, 269

Fuzzy preference relations

, 203, 235, 249, 265

See also Preference relations

Fuzzy preference relation consensus approach (FPRC approach)

, 267

Fuzzy prioritised weighted aggregation operators

, 251–257

Fuzzy prioritised weighted averaging operator (FPWA operator)

, 252

Fuzzy RA decision-making process

, 343

Fuzzy random

approach

, 51

multi-objective decision-making model

, 50–51

variables

, 48, 88

Fuzzy ranking method

, 89, 158, 198, 199

Fuzzy relational matrix

, 347–348

Fuzzy relations

, 15–16

Fuzzy risk allocation methodology

, 345–351

Fuzzy rule-based systems (FRBS)

, 3, 24–25, 27–29, 42–43, 235

See also Fuzzy inference system (FIS); Fuzzy rule-based system (FRBS); Mamdani inference; Mamdani-type fuzzy inference system; Sugeno inference; Sugeno fuzzy inference system; Sugeno-type fuzzy inference system

Fuzzy set theory (FST)

, 5–6, 185–186, 192, 231, 232, 339

HFSs

, 194–195

IFSs

, 193–194

T2FSs

, 195–197

Fuzzy set-based analytic hierarchy process

, 198–200

Fuzzy set-based elimination and choice expressing reality

, 202

Fuzzy set-based MCDM methods and applications

, 197

analytic hierarchy process

, 198–200

elimination and choice expressing reality

, 202

F-MCDM method applications in construction management

, 203–205

F-PROMETHEE

, 203

technique for order of preference

, 200–202

weighted sum method

, 197–198

Fuzzy set-based preference ranking organisation method enrichment evaluation (F-PROMETHEE)

, 203

Fuzzy sets

, 7–17, 342, 358, 417

Fuzzy similarity aggregation method (FSAM)

, 265

Fuzzy similarity consensus model (FSC model)

, 267

Fuzzy simulation

, 38, 83–92, 94, 112–113

in construction

, 151–155, 167–171

FDES

, 88–90

FMCS

, 84, 88

FSD

, 90–91

fuzzy ABM

, 91–92

integrating fuzzy logic and

, 157–167

limitations

, 155–157

papers for fuzzy simulation techniques in construction

, 85–87

Fuzzy synthetic evaluation (FSE)

, 339, 342, 343

Fuzzy system dynamics (FSD)

, 84, 90–91, 151, 159–162

applications

, 168–170

model of quality management practice

, 168–170

Fuzzy technique for order of preference by similarity to ideal solution (Fuzzy TOPSIS)

, 70, 80–81, 232

fuzzy TOPSIS-based approach

, 263

for prioritised aggregation

, 257–263

Fuzzy TOPSIS. See Fuzzy technique for order of preference by similarity to ideal solution (Fuzzy TOPSIS)

Fuzzy upper and lower project management costs

, 324

Fuzzy variables

, 13–14, 156

Fuzzy vector

, 343, 349

Fuzzy VIKOR

, 82–83

Fuzzy weighted aggregation

, 239

Fuzzy weighted average (FWA)

, 232, 245–246

aggregation method

, 268

Fuzzy weighted mean. See Fuzzy weighted average (FWA)

FWA. See Fuzzy weighted average (FWA)

GA. See Geometric averaging (GA)

GA-PSO. See Genetic algorithms with particle swarm optimisation (GA-PSO)

Gabi software package

, 306

GA. See Genetic algorithms (GA)

Gaussian function

, 394

GDM process. See Group decision-making process (GDM process)

Generalised PA operators (GPA operators)

, 252

Generalised POWA operators (GPOWA operators)

, 252

Genetic algorithms (GA)

, 43, 157

Genetic algorithms with particle swarm optimisation (GA-PSO)

, 51

Genetic fuzzy systems

, 163, 393

Geometric averaging (GA)

, 242–243

Geometric mean method

, 285

Ghana’s water sector

, 339

GLNPSO-based FRS. See Global-local-neighbour PSO with fuzzy random simulation (GLNPSO-based FRS)

Global urban rate

, 185

Global-local-neighbour PSO with fuzzy random simulation (GLNPSO-based FRS)

, 50

Goal commitment

, 156

GPA operators. See Generalised PA operators (GPA operators)

GPOWA operators. See Generalised POWA operators (GPOWA operators)

Grade of membership. See Membership functions

Group decision-making process (GDM process)

, 231

Hazard assessment applications

, 265–266

Health and Safety Executive (HSE)

, 326

Health, safety and environment (HSE)

, 311

Hesitant fuzzy element (HFE)

, 195

Hesitant fuzzy sets (HFSs)

, 193, 194–195

HFS-based MCDM methods and applications

, 210

HF-MCDM methods and applications in construction management

, 214

HFS-based analytic hierarchy process

, 210–211

HFS-based elimination and choice expressing reality

, 213–214

HFS-based technique for order of preference

, 212–213

Hesitant fuzzy sets-based analytic hierarchy process

, 210–211

Hesitant multiplicative programming method (HMPM)

, 210

Heterogeneous group

, 235

Heuristic optimization technique

, 42

HFE. See Hesitant fuzzy element (HFE)

HFSs. See Hesitant fuzzy sets (HFSs)

Hierarchical structure

, 422

High dimensionality

, 95

High RM capability

, 342

High-performance concrete (HPC)

, 64

HMPM. See Hesitant multiplicative programming method (HMPM)

Horizontal methods

, 20–21

HPC. See High-performance concrete (HPC)

HSE. See Health and Safety Executive (HSE); Health, safety and environment (HSE)

Human motion

, 452

Hybrid computing techniques

, 392, 393

Hybrid fuzzy approach

, 453

Hybrid genetic algorithm (GA)-NNDFR technique

, 65

Hybrid methods

, 30

Hybrid neuro-fuzzy systems

, 52, 63

Hybridization

, 38

of fuzzy logic

, 52

with ANN technique

, 52, 63–66

with clustering techniques

, 23–24, 49, 52, 66–70, 93, 94–95

with machine learning techniques

, 30, 38, 52, 92, 94–95

with MCDM techniques

, 38, 70

with optimization techniques

, 42

with simulation techniques

, 83–84, 91, 94, 95

of fuzzy methods

, 92

I-IOWA. See Importance IOWA (I-IOWA)

Idempotence

, 244

IF-MCDM. See Intuitionistic fuzzy-multi-criteria decision-making (IF-MCDM)

IFSs. See Intuitionistic fuzzy sets (IFSs)

IFWA operator. See Intuitionistic fuzzy weighted average operator (IFWA operator)

Importance IOWA (I-IOWA)

, 249

Incompatibility

, 13

Index of optimism

, 287

Induced ordered weighted averaging (IOWA)

, 248–249

Inference process

, 26

Information systems (ISs)

, 358

Information technologies

, 358

Infrastructure projects

, 414

Injury dimension hierarchy

, 378–379

Input selection

, 396–397

INSHT. See Spanish National Institute for Safety and Hygiene at Work (INSHT)

Intelligent computing layer on traditional tools

, 422

Intelligent decision support systems

, 419

Intelligent modelling

, 414

Intersection of fuzzy sets

, 14

Intersection operations

, 14

Interval type-2 fuzzy sets (IT2FSs)

, 196

Intuitionistic fuzzy sets (IFSs)

, 193–194

IFS-based MCDM methods and applications

, 205

IF-MCDM method and applications in construction management

, 210

IFS-based analytic hierarchy process

, 205–206

IFS-based elimination and choice expressing reality

, 207–209

IFS-based PROMETHEE

, 209–210

IFS-based technique for order of preference

, 206–207

Intuitionistic fuzzy weighted average operator (IFWA operator)

, 268

Intuitionistic fuzzy-multi-criteria decision-making (IF-MCDM)

, 197

applications in construction management

, 221

method and applications in construction management

, 210

IOWA. See Induced ordered weighted averaging (IOWA)

ISs. See Information systems (ISs)

IT2FS. See Interval type-2 fuzzy sets (IT2FSs)

Iterative algorithms

, 234

Jacobian matrices

, 457

Kalman filter(ing)

, 453, 457

extended Kalman filter

, 456–458

motion trajectory tracking

, 453

nonlinear Kalman filtering

, 466

sensor fusion method

, 470

unscented Kalman filter

, 456, 458–460

Kernel functions

, 394, 400–401

Kinect visual camera

, 453, 456, 466

motion capture with

, 463–465

Kinship relation

, 363, 370

Knowledge representation techniques

, 421

L-R fuzzy numbers

, 19

Labour

, 170–171

Largest of maxima (LOM)

, 162

Law of Cosine

, 464

LCB. See Low-carbon building (LCB)

Least square method

, 390

Level of confidence

, 79, 287

Linear programming

, 42, 92, 211, 308

Linguistic F-Cube Factory

, 364

Linguistic hedges

, 15

Linguistic labels

, 377

Linguistic modifiers

, 15

Linguistic ordered weighted averaging (LOWA)

, 232, 246–248

Linguistic variables

, 343, 346, 347, 358

Liquefied natural gas (LNG)

, 80

Ljung-Box Q-statistics

, 398

LNG. See Liquefied natural gas (LNG)

Local and global weights of criteria and sub-criteria

, 290–293

Location dimension hierarchy

, 375–376

Logistics rules

, 421

LOM. See Largest of maxima (LOM)

Loose volume

, 143

Low price

, 7

Low RM capability

, 342

Low-carbon building (LCB)

, 186

LOWA. See Linguistic ordered weighted averaging (LOWA)

Lukasiewicz t-norm. See Bounded difference t-norm

MA model. See Moving average model (MA model)

Machine learning

, 52

MAE. See Mean absolute error (MAE)

Mamdani inference

, 26, 27

See also Fuzzy expert system (FES); Fuzzy inference system (FIS); Fuzzy rule-based system (FRBS); Mamdani-type fuzzy inference system

Mamdani-type fuzzy inference system

, 460

See also Fuzzy expert system (FES); Fuzzy inference system (FIS); Fuzzy rule-based system (FRBS); Mamdani inference

MAPE. See Mean absolute percentage error (MAPE)

Mathematical methods

, 112

consecutive fuzzy arithmetic operations

, 116

for implementation of extended fuzzy arithmetic

, 116–119

implementation of standard fuzzy arithmetic

, 113–116

MATLAB program

, 470

Max-min composition

, 16

Maxima methods

, 286–287

MCDM. See Multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM)

MCGDM problems. See Multi-criteria group decision-making problems (MCGDM problems)

MCS. See Monte Carlo simulation (MCS)

ME design. See Mechanistic-empirical design (ME design)

Mean absolute error (MAE)

, 64

Mean absolute percentage error (MAPE)

, 397, 398

Mean aggregation operator

, 269–270

Mean of maxima (MOM)

, 17

Mean square error (MSE)

, 29, 64

Mechanistic-empirical design (ME design)

, 68

Median of area (MOA)

, 16

Medium

, 12

Medium price

, 7

Membership function specification methods

, 20

based on clustering

, 23–24

horizontal method

, 20–21

pairwise comparison using analytic hierarchy process

, 21–22

statistical methods

, 22–23

vertical method

, 20–21

Membership function

, 7, 159–160, 346–347, 461–462

basic set operations on fuzzy sets

, 14–15

characteristics

, 11–13

defuzzification

, 16–17

fuzzy relations and fuzzy composition

, 15–16

fuzzy variables and fuzzy partitions

, 13–14

representing membership functions

, 9–10

See also Fuzzy membership functions

Metaheuristic optimization technique

, 42

Microsoft Kinect motion camera

, 463

Middle of maxima (MOM)

, 162

Min t-norm

, 116

MOA. See Median of area (MOA)

Model-based clustering technique

, 67

Moderate RM capability

, 342

Moderator

, 231–232

MOM. See Mean of maxima (MOM); Middle of maxima (MOM)

Monotonicity property

, 244

Monte Carlo simulation (MCS)

, 82, 151, 306, 314, 458

Motion capture

, 463–465

Motion sensing system

, 452

Motion trajectory tracking

, 453

Moving average model (MA model)

, 393

MRC. See Multimode resource-constrained (MRC)

MSE. See Mean square error (MSE)

Multi-attribute utility function

, 235

Multi-criteria analysis methods

, 313–314

Multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM)

, 38, 185–186

methods

, 70, 280

process

, 264

process and methods

, 186

AHP

, 189

ANP

, 190

in construction management

, 186–192

ELECTRE method

, 191

PROMETHEE

, 192

TOPSIS

, 190–191

WSM

, 188–189

Multi-criteria group decision-making problems (MCGDM problems)

, 231, 232, 235

fuzzy aggregation processes

, 242–263

fuzzy consensus reaching and aggregation

, 263–270

fuzzy consensus-reaching process

, 233–242

Multi-dimensional structure

, 359

DW

, 359–360

fuzzy logic

, 362

operations

, 360–362

Multi-linear regression

, 64

Multi-nonlinear regression

, 64

Multimode resource-constrained (MRC)

, 49

Multivariate models

, 391

Myo armband sensor

, 453, 466

motion capture with

, 463–465

Myo motion sensor

, 455

Negative ideal solution (NIS)

, 257–258

distances of weighted normalised collective evaluations

, 262

Net present value (NPV)

, 311

Neural-network-driven fuzzy reasoning technique (NNDFR technique)

, 65

Neuro-fuzzy hybrid models

, 308

Newton–Euler equations

, 454

Newton–Euler equation-based dynamics

, 453

NIS. See Negative ideal solution (NIS)

NMAE. See Normalised mean absolute error (NMAE)

NNDFR technique. See Neural-network-driven fuzzy reasoning technique (NNDFR technique)

Non-convex fuzzy set

, 12–13

Nonlinear Kalman filtering methods

, 466

Nonlinear Kalman filtering-based gesture tracking

, 453, 456–457

Nonlinear models

, 393

Nonlinear system dynamics

, 454–457

Normalised mean absolute error (NMAE)

, 398

Normalised weight distribution

, 318

NPV. See Net present value (NPV)

Object hierarchies

, 421

ODC. See Overall degree of consensus (ODC)

Offline FCM modelling

, 415

Oil drilling

application of fuzzy AHP techniques in

, 310

case study

, 311–312

ERD well solution

, 312

mapping project initiation stage

, 310

subsea solution

, 312, 313

On line analytical processing (OLAP)

, 358, 360

Operating expenditure (OPEX)

, 313

Optimization

, 41–43, 48, 92

Optimisation algorithms

, 234

Optimum system hierarchy analysis

, 42

Ordered weighted averaging (OWA)

, 242–243, 246–247

Organisational complexity

contours of global weights for sub-criteria within

, 293

fuzzy pairwise comparison matrix of sub-criteria within

, 292

pairwise comparisons by experts with regard to

, 291

Out-of-sample forecast

, 401

Overall degree of consensus (ODC)

, 240

OWA. See Ordered weighted averaging (OWA)

P-IOWA. See Preference IOWA (P-IOWA)

PA operators. See Prioritised averaging operators (PA operators)

Pairwise comparison

, 291, 322

using analytic hierarchy process

, 21–22

consistency of fuzzy

, 284–285

fuzzy

, 281–284

Pareto-optimal set

, 49

Particle swarm optimization (PSO)

, 42–43, 157

Particles

, 50

Partitional k-means clustering

, 66–67

Percentage error metrics

, 398

PIS. See Positive ideal solution (PIS)

Pivot operation

, 362

Planning

, 421

analysis

, 366–367, 369, 379

PM. See Project management (PM)

PM–FCM model. See Project management–fuzzy c-means model (PM–FCM model)

Positive ideal solution (PIS)

, 257–258

distances of weighted normalised collective evaluations to

, 262

Post-mortem analysis

, 416

POWA operators. See Prioritised OWA operators (POWA operators)

PPPs. See Public–private partnerships (PPPs)

Prediction modelling

, 396–397

Preference IOWA (P-IOWA)

, 249

Preference ranking organisation method for enrichment evaluation (PROMETHEE)

, 7, 185–186, 192

See also T2FS-PROMETHEE

Preference relations

, 192, 203, 209, 210, 235–236, 249, 265

linguistic preference relations

, 235–236

multiplicative preference relations

, 235

See also Fuzzy preference relations

Preference representation formats

, 235–236

Prioritised averaging operators (PA operators)

, 252

Prioritised OWA operators (POWA operators)

, 252

Probabilistic distributions

, 84, 156, 158

Probabilistic values

, 155

Probabilistic variable

, 150, 151, 156, 157, 162

Probability theory

, 6

Production risk for subsea option

, 315–318

Productivity

, 5, 9, 25, 28, 42, 65, 91, 93

Project

, 370–371

complexity

, 279, 293–295

framework for measuring

, 288

hierarchical structure

, 288–289

delivery applications

, 266–267

dimension hierarchy

, 371

performance

, 168–169, 266, 270, 279–280, 293–295

PPP

, 288

project-execution risks

, 418

pursuit process

, 415

risk analysis in

, 305–310

Project management (PM)

, 374, 423–436

Project management–fuzzy c-means model (PM–FCM model)

, 424

PROMETHEE. See Preference ranking organisation method for enrichment evaluation (PROMETHEE)

Promoter

, 374, 375

PSO. See Particle swarm optimization (PSO)

Public–private partnerships (PPPs)

, 338

case study

, 343–344

decision criteria for defining RM capability

, 341, 342

fuzzy risk allocation methodology

, 345–351

fuzzy synthetic evaluation and risk allocation

, 342–343

practitioners’ feedback on methodology

, 351

previous studies on risk allocation in

, 339–341

projects

, 288

round three of Delphi survey for risk allocation

, 344

two-round Delphi survey for risk allocation decision criteria

, 344

Pursuit review items

, 418

QFD. See Quality function deployment (QFD)

Quadratic programming models

, 234

Qualitative criteria

, 80

Qualitative knowledge

, 308

Quality function deployment (QFD)

, 204

Quality management practices

, 169

Quantitative criteria

, 80

Quantitative knowledge

, 308

R-code

, 400

for ANFIS

, 410–411

RA. See Risk allocation (RA)

Radial basis function (RBF)

, 394

kernel

, 401

Random index (RI)

, 284

RBF. See Radial basis function (RBF)

Real-world systems

, 155

Reciprocal matrix

, 22

Relative closeness index

, 257–258

RI. See Random index (RI)

Risk

, 305

Risk allocation (RA)

, 338

decision

, 350–351

fuzzy synthetic evaluation and

, 342–343

previous studies in PPPs

, 339–341

round three of Delphi survey

, 344

two-round Delphi survey

, 344

Risk analysis

, 305

in projects

, 305

FL

, 306–308

fuzzy AHP in

, 308–310

fuzzy hybrid techniques

, 308

MCS

, 306

Risk management (RM)

, 339

decision criteria for defining RM capability

, 341, 342

fuzzy evaluation vector of RM capability

, 348–349

processes

, 305

responsibility

, 340

RM. See Risk management (RM)

RMSE. See Root mean square error (RMSE)

Robotic manipulator modelling of arm gestures

, 453

dynamic modelling of arm gestures

, 453–454

EKF

, 457–458

nonlinear system dynamics

, 454–457

UKF

, 458–460

Robust visual sensing technology

, 452

Roll-up operation

, 360–361

Root mean square error (RMSE)

, 64, 466

Round three of Delphi survey for risk allocation

, 344

s-norm

, 14

algebraic sum

, 15, 26

bounded sum

, 15

drastic union

, 15

max s-norm. See Standard union s-norm

standard union

, 15

See also Triangular-conorm (t-conorm)

SAA. See Scalable algorithm of aggregation (SAA)

Safety analysis

, 365–366

Safety management

, 374, 376

SAM. See Similarity aggregation method (SAM)

Scalable algorithm of aggregation (SAA)

, 242–243

SD. See System dynamics (SD)

Season

, 369

Selection process

, 233–234

Sensitivity analysis

, 405

Sensor fusion methods

, 453, 456–457

Sensor-based approaches

, 366

Serial correlation

, 398

Service hierarchy

, 377

Shannon entropy concept

, 287

Similarity aggregation method (SAM)

, 232

Simple cause-and-effect analysis

, 424

CM–FCM relationships for significant first-time events

, 428–430

concepts in CM and PM

, 425–426

linguistic variables in CM–FCM

, 427

multiple scenarios

, 431–432

Simulation

limitations

, 155–157

techniques

, 150, 151, 157–167

in construction

, 151–155

See also Fuzzy simulation

Simulink program

, 470

Single subsea well

, 312, 313

Slice operation

, 361

Smallest of maxima (SOM)

, 162

Social criteria

, 78–79

Soft computing techniques

, 414–415, 419

SOM. See Smallest of maxima (SOM)

Spanish National Institute for Safety and Hygiene at Work (INSHT)

, 379

SPEA. See Strength Pareto evolutionary algorithm (SPEA)

Squared error metrics

, 398

SRLP. See Success rate of learner phase (SRLP)

SRTP. See Success rate of teacher phase (SRTP)

Stakeholders

, 390

Standard fuzzy arithmetic

, 113

implementation

, 113–116, 121–123

Standard intersection t-norm

, 14

Standardised trapezoidal fuzzy numbers (STFNs)

, 265

Standards for technical condition evaluation of highway bridges (STCEHB)

, 69

Statistical methods

, 22–23

Statistical-based aggregation operators and algorithms

, 242–243

STCEHB. See Standards for technical condition evaluation of highway bridges (STCEHB)

STFNs. See Standardised trapezoidal fuzzy numbers (STFNs)

Stocks

, 153

Strength Pareto evolutionary algorithm (SPEA)

, 48–49

Subjective reasoning

, 5

Subjective uncertainty

, 30, 42, 43, 51, 52, 63

Subsea solution

, 312, 313

Subtractive clustering

, 67

Success rate of learner phase (SRLP)

, 42–43

Success rate of teacher phase (SRTP)

, 42–43

Sugeno fuzzy inference system

, 394

See also Fuzzy expert system (FES); Fuzzy inference system (FIS); Fuzzy rule-based system (FRBS); Sugeno inference; Sugeno-type fuzzy inference system

Sugeno inference

, 26, 27

See also Fuzzy expert system (FES); Fuzzy inference system (FIS); Fuzzy rule-based system (FRBS); Sugeno fuzzy inference system; Sugeno-type fuzzy inference system

Sugeno-type fuzzy inference system

, 460–463, 470

See also Fuzzy expert system (FES); Fuzzy inference system (FIS); Fuzzy rule-based system (FRBS); Sugeno inference; Sugeno fuzzy inference system

Supplier selection

, 78

Support vector machine model (SVM model)

, 391, 394, 400–401

Symbolic representation

, 423

System dynamics (SD)

, 83–84, 152–153

Systematic literature review methodology

, 39–41

t-norm

algebraic product

, 124–131

Archimedean

, 117–118

bounded difference

, 131–136

drastic product

, 137–141

Lukasiewicz t-norm. See Bounded difference t-norm

min t-norm. See Standard intersection t-norm

operator

, 117

standard intersection

, 116

T2FS-based MCDM methods and applications

, 214–220

analytic hierarchy process

, 215–216

PROMETHEE

, 219

T2FS-MCDM method applications

, 219–220

technique for order of preference

, 216–218

weighted product method

, 215

weighted sum method

, 214–215

T2FS-PROMETHEE

, 179, 220

T2FS-TOPSIS

, 179, 218

trapezoidal

, 216–217

T2FSs. See Type-2 fuzzy sets (T2FSs)

Takagi-Sugeno-Kang-type fuzzy inference system. See Sugeno-type fuzzy inference system

TBM. See Tunnel boring machine (TBM)

Teaching-learning-based optimization (TLBO)

, 42–43

Team agent

, 166

Technique for order of preference by similarity to ideal solution (TOPSIS)

, 70, 186, 190–191

See also T2FS-TOPSIS

Tender price index

, 390, 402

Tender price index forecasting

, 390, 392, 396

univariate modelling techniques application in

, 391–393

TFLPWA operator. See Trapezoidal fuzzy linguistic prioritised weighted average operator (TFLPWA operator)

TFN. See Triangular fuzzy numbers (TFNs)

Theil’s inequality coefficient

, 397

THFSs. See Typical hesitant FSs (THFSs)

Time dimension

, 369–374

Time paradox

, 89

Time series

forecasting

, 392

modelling techniques

, 390, 398

Time-cost optimisation model

, 308

TLBO. See Teaching-learning-based optimization (TLBO)

TnFSs. See Type-n FSs (TnFSs)

Tolerance

, 321

factor

, 310, 324

TOPSIS. See Technique for order of preference by similarity to ideal solution (TOPSIS)

Traditional human-centred decision-making process

, 367

Trapezoidal fuzzy linguistic prioritised weighted average operator (TFLPWA operator)

, 252

Trapezoidal fuzzy number

, 19

Trapezoidal membership function

, 10

Triangular fuzzy membership function

, 264

Triangular fuzzy numbers (TFNs)

, 81, 120, 137, 193, 283

Triangular-conorm (t-conorm). See s-norm

Triangular-norm operators

, 14

Trym field

, 311

Tunnel boring machine (TBM)

, 89

Two-round Delphi survey for risk allocation decision criteria

, 344

Two-stage classification approach

, 452

Type-2 fuzzy sets (T2FSs)

, 192–193, 195–197

See also T2FS-based MCDM methods and applications

Type-n FSs (TnFSs)

, 192–193

Typical hesitant FSs (THFSs)

, 195

UKF. See Unscented Kalman filter (UKF)

UMF. See Upper membership function (UMF)

UML. See Unified modelling language (UML)

Unanimity. See Idempotence

Uncertainty

ambiguity

, 5, 29–30, 82, 206, 214, 231, 305

non-probabilistic

, 30, 155

probabilistic

, 84, 88, 94, 156–157

random

, 48, 51, 95, 155

subjectivity

, 5, 29–30, 82

vagueness

, 5, 29–30, 82, 206, 305

Unified modelling language (UML)

, 164

Union of fuzzy sets

, 18

Union operations

, 14

Univariate models

, 391, 393

application

, 398–401

modelling techniques

, 393

ANFIS

, 394–395

application in tender price index forecasting

, 391–393

Box–Jenkins model

, 393

SVM model

, 394

Unscented Kalman filter (UKF)

, 456, 458–460

Upper membership function (UMF)

, 196

Urbanisation process

, 185

Vague funny sets (VFSs)

, 193

Vector diagram for angle calculation

, 465

Vector3D class

, 464

Vertical methods

, 20–21

VFSs. See Vague funny sets (VFSs)

Virtual designs

, 366

VIsekriterijumska optimizacija i KOmpromisno Resenje (VIKOR)

, 70

fuzzy

, 82–83

WAA. See Weighted arithmetic averaging (WAA)

WBS. See Work breakdown structure (WBS)

Weigh-in-motion (WIM)

, 68

Weighted arithmetic averaging (WAA)

, 242–243

Weighted geometric averaging (WGA)

, 242–243

Weighted mean model

, 349

Weighted normalised fuzzy decision matrix (WNFDM)

, 269

Weighted sum method (WSM)

, 188–189

Weighting function set of decision criteria

, 346

WGA. See Weighted geometric averaging (WGA)

WIM. See Weigh-in-motion (WIM)

WNFDM. See Weighted normalised fuzzy decision matrix (WNFDM)

Work accidents

, 379

datacube

, 368

Work breakdown structure (WBS)

, 372–374

Work development

, 368, 379, 380

Worker dimension hierarchy

, 377–378

Worker’s commitment

, 150

Workplace safety

, 365

WSM. See Weighted sum method (WSM)

Zero-order Sugeno fuzzy model

, 463