Index
The Handbook of Business and Corruption
ISBN: 978-1-78635-446-4, eISBN: 978-1-78635-445-7
Publication date: 29 August 2017
This content is currently only available as a PDF
Citation
(2017), "Index", Aßländer, M.S. and Hudson, S. (Ed.) The Handbook of Business and Corruption, Emerald Publishing Limited, Leeds, pp. 527-551. https://doi.org/10.1108/978-1-78635-445-720161024
Publisher
:Emerald Publishing Limited
Copyright © 2017 Emerald Publishing Limited
INDEX
A&P
, 488
Abacha, San
, 170, 171, 173
Abbott Australasia
, 470–477
ABN Amro
, 264
Absolute political power
, 78
Absolute truth
, 88
Access charges
, 485
“According-to-rule” transactions
, 211
Accountability
, 338, 340, 341, 352, 355
Accounting
, 10, 55, 58, 59, 64, 66, 140, 296–297, 425
fraudulent
, 136, 291–295
internal controls
, 218
profession
, 239, 290, 293
struggle
, 393, 409
transparency
, 260
Accreditation Council for Continuing Medical Education (ACCME)
, 347
Adamu, Amos
, 435
Adiaphora
, 77, 88
Administration
, 161, 170, 211, 212, 314, 383, 385, 463, 482, 483
contracts
, 410
land
, 364
police
, 317
public
, 54, 55
tendering
, 410
Advertising fees
, 485
Advertorials
, 461, 467
Africa, crony capitalism in
, 123
“Against-the-rule” transactions
, 211
Agent(s)
, 33, 37, 51–52
corrupt
, 27–32, 40
perspective of facilitating payments
, 53–54
rational
, 45
as rational profit-seekers
, 29
See also Principal–agent theory
Agricultural sector, corruption in
, 363–385
extension service
, 367–368, 381
farmers’ input demand
, 375
forms and types of
, 364–369
government procurement programs, corruption and irregularities in
, 368–369
impact of
, 375–381
input market
, 365–367, 376–379
lack of proper representation, monitoring, and supervision
, 370–371
market structure and corruption
, 371–374
micro level factors
, 374–375
policy and institutional factors
, 369–375
policy recommendations
, 381–385
power imbalance and farmers’ low bargaining power
, 369–370
procurement program
, 379–381
Alienation
, 38, 99
Alternative institution building methods
, 137–139
American Institute of Certified Public Accountants (AICPA)
, 293, 294
Accounting Research Bulletins
, 292
Anderson, Arthur
, 293
Annunzio–Wylie AML Act of 1992
, 263
Anticorruption laws
, 394
Anticorruption measures
, 57, 63–65, 212, 216, 337-343, 347-348, 351-355, 377, 477-478
distribution of medicines
, 353–355
manufacturing of medicines
, 343
marketing practices
, 347–348
media
, 477–478
procurement of medicines
, 354–355
registration processes
, 340–341
research and development
, 337–339
Anticorruption programs. See Anticorruption measures
Anti-money laundering (AML)
, 240–243, 251, 259, 264, 270, 273, 274
timeline of
, 278
ANZ Bank of Australia
, 468
Appeal to higher loyalties
, 31
Apple
, 283
Arroyo, Augustin C.
, 429
Asia
, 102, 142, 168, 171, 188, 264, 311, 441
Asian Football Confederation (AFC)
, 443
Aspire Academy for Sports Excellence
, 440
Association of American Medical Colleges
, 338
Audit
, 204, 225, 291, 293–297, 316, 434
Australia
Australian Broadcasting Corporation (ABC)
, 461
Australian Taxation Office
, 402
construction industry
, 399–402, 417
crony capitalism in
, 142
Football Federation of Australia (FFA)
, 439–440
resource governance
, 180
shale gas production
, 193
Autonomy
, 82, 85
Bad faith, Sartre’s notion of
, 74–76
Banco Santander Central Hispano
, 264
Bangladesh
Bangladesh Institute of Development Studies (BIDS)
, 369
banking sector
, 137–138
corruption in agricultural sector
, 363–385
Department of Agricultural Extension (DAE)
, 367
Department of Fisheries (DoF)
, 367
Department of Livestock (DLS)
, 367
Ban Ki-moon
, 330
Bank of Tokyo Mitsubishi
, 258
Bankruptcy
, 10
Banking sector
, 237–251, 273, 469
Bank secrecy, and offshore tax evasion
, 243–250
Bank Secrecy Act of 1970
, 263, 271
Barclays
, 137, 258, 264
Barwick, Sir Garfield
, 401
BBC Hoax
, 468
Bechtel
, 170
Bernard L. Madoff Investment Securities LLC
, 10
Bernstein, Carl
, 477
Biased news
, 459–461
Bid Promotion Committee
, 428
Bidrigging
, 393–394
Bin Hammam, Mohamed
, 438–441
Black market
, 353, 354, 432
Blair, Jayson
, 459
Blazer, Charles
, 440–441
BNP Paribas
, 242–243, 258
Brazil
Brazilian General Comptroller Office (Controladoria-Geral da União – CGU)
, 434
FIFA World Cup 2014
, 432–435
jeitinho
, 106
market growth
, 272
power shortages and blackouts
, 180
resource governance
, 180
Bribe Payers’ Index
, 180
Bribery
, 13, 17, 27–28, 51, 52, 54, 64, 161, 211, 218, 320, 351, 364, 393
commercial
, 9
definition of
, 8–9, 19, 482
distinguished from extortion
, 9
distinguished from gift-giving
, 79, 84, 88
of foreign public officials
, 62
institutional
, 484
Bribery Act of 2010
, 397, 413
Bristol Employment Tribunal
, 397
British East India Company
, 4
Broadcast
, 121, 136, 433, 461–464
Buckley, Well
, 440
Buddhism
, 85
Building Information Systems (BIM)
, 416
Bureaucracy
, 35, 37, 110
Bureaucratic corruption
, 9
Burke, Edmund
, 143
Burma, crony capitalism in
, 123
Business organizations
role in combating facilitating payments
, 63–64
“Business Partner Compliance Due Diligence” program
, 225
Business Principles for Countering Bribery
, 64
Business Transactions
, 214
Task Force on Anti-Bribery and Corruption
, 231
Cambodia
bribery payment
, 484
Campbell Soup Со.
, 491
Canada
Pharmaceutical Advertising Advisory Board
, 346
shale gas production
, 193
Capital
investment
, 182, 188, 191
social
, 99
Capitalism
crony
, 17, 107, 108, 120–124
patrimonial
, 238
Capital One
, 462
Caribbean Football Union
, 436
Carrefour
, 483
Cascaded payments
, 55
Cash-for-comment
, 464, 467, 469–470
Cash-payments
, 486
Causes of corruption
, 26, 31, 123, 143, 153, 157–160, 164, 165-166, 172, 181, 369–375
Center for Media and Democracy (CMD)
, 462
Certified financial analyst (CFA)
, 286
Chartered Institute of Building (CIOB)
, 396–397, 416
Chase Bank
, 264
“Children Overboard,”
, 465–466
China
bribery payment
, 484
business organizations in
, 111–112
clean trade policy framework
, 201
construction industry
, 398–399
corruption in agricultural sector
, 364
corruption reform in
, 130
crony capitalism in
, 123
egalitarianism
, 105
expertise and capital investment in extractive industries
, 189
market growth
, 272
guanxi phenomenon
, 96, 106, 77–80, 392
low demand, low prices scenario
, 191
slotting fees
, 486
Chodan, Wojciech
, 171–172
Chung, Mong-Joon
, 440
Citibank
, 264
Citizens United v. Federal Election Commission
, 17–18, 19
City of London
, 258
Civil disobedience
, 468
Civil society
role in combating facilitating payments
, 63–64
Clean Hands Trusts
, 201
Clean Trade Act
, 201
Clean Trade Policy Framework
, 201
Clearing House Interbank Payments System (CHIPS)
, 261
Client
, 51
perspective of facilitating payments
, 54–55
Clinton, Bill
, 267
Code of Ethics of the Australian Institute of Public Relations (PRIA)
, 479
Codes of conduct
, 307, 314, 316
Codes of ethics
, 281, 315, 316
Cole Commission
, 399–400
Collective action
, 63, 65
Collective Action Guide
, 230
Collusion of corruption
, 320, 394, 417, 470–477
Colombia
wealth inequality
, 107
Commerzbank
, 258
Committee of Concerned Citizens (CCC)
, 370
Common good
, 82
Communication, as exchange of truth claims
, 86–88
Companies
, 64–66
role in combating facilitating payments
, 64–66
Competition
, 186–187
Competition Commission of South Africa
, 403
Complaint center, establishment of
, 385
Compliance
, 33, 57, 61, 65, 66, 120, 125, 126, 129, 131, 204, 218, 222–226, 228, 229, 244, 245, 247, 249–251, 316, 318, 342, 346, 367, 400, 416, 445
by financial institutions, failure of
, 240–243
legal
, 255–274
power-based top-down
, 134–137
CONCACAF
, 439, 442
Confidential payments
, 222
Construction industry corruption
, 391–418
Australia
, 399–402
challenges for
, 412–417
China
, 398–399
dynamic risk-based model
, 408–412
Germany
, 397–398
Hong Kong
, 398–399
North America
, 396
Sub-Saharan Africa
, 402–405
survey research
, 405–408
Turkey
, 398
United Kingdom
, 396–397
Consultants
investment
, 286–287
pension
, 286
Consulting, investment
, 287–289
Consumers
, 181, 184, 187, 189, 193, 267, 283, 307–309, 311, 312, 314, 331, 344, 348, 482, 492, 494–499, 501
Contemporary research on corruption, foundations of
, 153–155
Continuing Medical Education (CME) programmes
, 347
Contract research organizations (CROs)
, 335
Convention on Combating Bribery of Foreign Public Officials in International Business Transactions
, 59–60
Corporate citizenship
, 204
Corporate culture
, 215–219, 221, 226–229
Corporate governance
, 28
Corporate social responsibility (CSR)
, 126, 205
Corrupt agent
, 27–32, 40
Corrupt environment
, 54, 135, 136, 138, 153, 155, 165, 210–215, 220, 230, 483
Corruption
bureaucratic
, 9
challenges to reduce
, 160–164
commercial
, 395
definition of
, 5-8, 11-17, 27, 35–36, 210, 330, 392–394, 458
democratic
, 50
as deviant behavior
, 6
effects of
, 394–395
features of, characterizing
, 456–459
functionality of
, 155-160
in governments across the world
, 151–176
grand
, 211, 212
implications of
, 45–46
iterations of
, 8–11
logic of exchange
, 6
market-centered definitions of
, 5
model
, 395
organizational
, 3–20
petty
, 12, 49–67, 211, 212
philosophy of
, 27, 34–40, 45, 46
public interest-centered definitions of
, 5
public office-centered definitions of
, 5
reform
, 119–143
as shadow politics
, 6–7
as social decline
, 6
as system of measurable perceptions
, 6
See also individual entries
Corruption Perception Index (CPI)
, 196
Cost of corruption (CoC)
, 370–371
Council of South African Trade Unions (COSATU)
, 403
Cover pricing
, 394
Credit Agricole
, 259
Credit Suisse
, 258, 137, 264
Crimes
as social facts
, 85
in sport
, 424–426
Criminality
human
, 83
religious
, 83
Critical Management Studies
, 33
Cromme, Gerhard
, 217–218, 223, 226
Crony capitalism
, 17, 107, 108
system dimensions of
, 120–124
Cronyism
, 95–113, 393
culture and
, 101–103
in developing and developed economies
, 108–109
disadvantages of
, 98–100
egalitarianism and
, 103–109
external forces
, 100
internal forces
, 100–101
resources and benefits of
, 97–98
CTS Eventim
, 432
Culture
and cronyism
, 101–103
definition of
, 101
Durkheim’s notion of
, 81–86
of integrity, building
, 225–226
Malinowski’s notion of
, 76–77
and nepotism
, 101–103
Customer Due Diligence (CDD)
, 445
Cybercrime
, 483
Cynicism
, 185
Cyprus
Ministry of Health
, 350
nepotism and cronyism in
, 96
De Beers
, 204–205
Debt financing, political control of
, 122
Declaration of Helsinki (2008)
, 337
Deferred prosecution agreement (DPA)
, 247, 249, 250
Democracy
, 19, 73, 158, 173, 214, 330, 447
Democratic corruption
, 50
Denial of injury
, 31
Denial of victim
, 31
Denmark
crony capitalism in
, 142
Deutsche Bank
, 258, 264
Developing countries
, 84, 96, 107, 181, 182, 186, 212, 238, 322, 342, 349, 364, 370, 394, 413, 483
Development
, 152, 154, 155, 157, 159, 160, 162, 166, 168, 170
Disguised bribes
, 71–90
bad faith and
, 74–76
Display fees
, 487
Distribution of medicines
, 353–355
anticorruption measures
, 354–355
Dodd–Frank Whistleblowing Program
, 338
Donation
, 309, 400–401
Donor programs
, 342
“Dr. Suguro” archetype
, 128
Drugs. See Pharmaceutical sector corruption
Drug-trafficking
, 425
Due Diligence Code
, 244–245
Durkheim’s notion of culture
, 81–86
Dynamic risk-based model, for corruption
, 408–412
Ebbers, Bernie
, 10
Eckert, Hans-Joachim
, 436, 437, 440
Economic Freedom Fighters (EFF)
, 404
Economic growth
, 99, 157, 160, 169, 175, 364, 483
Economic welfare
, 296
Education expenditure and corruption, relationship between
, 156–157
Efficiency, corruption of
, 39, 46
Egalitarianism
, 103–109
hierarchy versus
, 102, 104
Embezzlement
, 9–10, 28, 210, 308, 393
Employment
, 229, 295, 354, 355, 365, 482
England. See United Kingdom (UK)
Enron scandal
, 4, 33, 131, 293
Environment
corrupt
, 54, 135, 136, 138, 153, 155, 165, 210–215, 220, 230, 483
macro environmental obstacles
, 120–125
E-procurement system
, 321
Equality of opportunity
, 46, 104, 105
Equal treatment. See Equality of opportunity
Eskom
, 405
Esquivel, Rafael
, 442
Ethical climate
, 6
Ethical distance
, 33
Ethical imperialism
, 56
Ethical Investment Research Service (EIRIS)
, 216
Ethics
, 79, 99, 134–136, 139, 141
business
, 131
code of
, 315, 316
of facilitating payments. See Ethics of facilitating payments
information about cooperation from
, 126
material rewards
, 134
reciprocal
, 133
Ethics of facilitating payments
, 53–56
agent’s perspective
, 53–54
client’s perspective
, 54–55
European Central Bank
, 130
financial support to crony capitalism
, 122
European Commission
, 223
European Medicines Agency
, 337
European Parliament
, 9
European Union (EU)
, 63, 130, 351
financial support to crony capitalism
, 122
Existential truth
, 86–87
Expediting payments
, 50
Export
, 159, 182, 186, 196, 201, 340, 342, 433
Extension office activities, monitoring
, 384–385
Extension service in agriculture
, 367–368, 381
Extortion
, 9, 51, 52, 54, 64, 122, 124, 500
distinguished from bribery
, 9
Extractive industries corruption
, 179–206
reasons for
, 181–183
resource dependent countries
, 180
reversing corruption, contingencies of
, 205–206
scenario analysis
, 187–196
supply side corruption
, 183–187
transparency and reversing corruption
, 197–202
transparency initiatives
, 202–205
Extractive industries, definition of
, 181
Extractive Industries Transparency Initiative (EITI)
, 184, 199, 203–205
Face-saving (mianzi)
, 77
Facilitating payments
, 49–67, 482, 485
ethics of
, 53–56
features of
, 50–53
Failure fees
, 487, 491
Fairness
, 99, 198
Fake news
, 462–463
Family
, 27, 38, 83, 84, 96, 97, 99, 102, 103n3, 106, 108, 110, 112, 128, 129, 164, 170, 210, 213, 238, 239, 257, 295, 306, 308, 310, 393, 404, 407, 464, 484
Fantini, Sergio Santander
, 430
Farmers
groups and organizations, strengthening
, 383–384
input demand, impact of corruption in
, 375
low bargaining power
, 369–370
subsidies to, providing
, 382–383
Faulkner, John
, 465
“Faust” archetype
, 128
Favoritism
, 18, 78, 98, 320, 322, 351
Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI)
, 65, 258
Federalism
, 297, 400, 433
Federal Reserve
, 258, 261, 270, 271
Federal Trade Commission (FTC)
, 501–502
Supermarket Code of Practice
, 501
Fédération Internationale de Football Association (FIFA)
, 297–298
Ethics Committee
, 436
Executive Committee
, 425n1, 440
Players’ Agents Regulations
, 425n1
Regulations on Working with Intermediaries
, 425n1
See also FIFA World Cup corruption
Fictional news
, 459
Fiction as fact
, 467
Fiduciary duty
, 287
FIFA World Cup corruption
, 424–426, 432–443
2010
, 403, 414
2014
, 432–435
2018
, 435–437
2022
, 435–437, 438–439
scandals and consequences
, 439–443
5th Pillar
, 64
Fight against petty corruption
, 56–66
business organizations and civil society, role of
, 63–64
companies, role of
, 64–66
legislative treatment
, 57–63
Figueredo, Eugenio
, 442
Filho, Álvaro de Melo
, 446
Finance
, 7, 17, 97, 122, 132, 137, 153, 154, 170, 185, 203, 279–299, 307, 367, 417
Financial Action Task Force (FATF)
, 238–242, 244, 443–444
Financial auditing sector
, 279–299
Financial auditors
, 290
and corruption
, 291–295
Financial crisis
, 280, 282, 297
Financial Fraud Task Force (FFTF)
, 263
Financial Industry Regulatory Authority, Inc. (FINRA)
, 274, 281, 282
Financial Intelligence Units (FIUs)
, 444
Financialization
, 257, 280
Financial Reporting Council (FRC)
“Ethical Standards for Auditors,”
, 294–295
Financial sector, corruption in
, 279–299
importance of
, 284–285
FinTech sector
, 274
Firms
role in supply side corruption
, 183–187
Five Forces Framework
, 187–188
Fofana, Mohamadou Lamine
, 434
Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act (FDCA)
, 343
Food and Drug Administration (FDA)
, 335, 346
Amendment Act
, 337
Football. See Soccer
Football Federation of Australia (FFA)
, 439–440
Forbes
, 289
Foreign Corrupt Practices Act of 1977 (FCPA)
, 58–59, 60, 62, 65, 171–172, 214, 218, 260
Foreign direct investment (FDI)
, 155, 214
Foreign occupation, and corruption
, 123–124
France
crony capitalism in
, 142
egalitarianism
, 105
slotting fees
, 486
Fraud
, 28, 316–319
defined
, 306
Fraud Triangle
, 395
Gafir, Zein El Abdin Abdel
, 429
Gambling
, 408
Ganga, Jean-Claude
, 429–430
Garcia, Michael
, 435–439
Gas
, 167–168
liquefaction
, 168
liquefied natural
, 168, 173
natural
, 167, 168
General Motors
, 462
Georgia, transition economies of
, 161
Germany
construction industry
, 397–398
crony capitalism in
, 124–125, 142
egalitarianism
, 104
ethics and compliance codes
, 137
slotting fees
, 486
Strafgesetzbuch
, 8–9
“Get rich quick” syndrome
, 79
Ghana
egalitarianism
, 105
Ghostwriting
, 336
Gift-giving
, 32, 306–307, 314, 331
basic functions of, distorting
, 71–90
communicational function
, 86–89
cultural function of
, 76–80
distinguished from bribery
, 79, 84, 88
social function of
, 80–86
Glass, Stephen
, 459
GlaxoSmithKline (GSK)
, 342, 345
Global Agenda Council on Transparency and Anti-Corruption
, 231
Global anti-money laundering standards
, 240–243
Global Fund
, 342
Globalization
, 257
Global Reporting Initiative (GRI)
, 204–205
Goldblum, Stanley
, 292
Gonzalez, Henry
, 273
Good manufacturing practices (GMPs)
, 341–342, 343
Good Practice Guidance on Internal Controls, Ethics, and Compliance
, 61
Google
, 283
“Gorbachev” archetype
, 128
Governance
corporate
, 28
good
, 333, 370
weak
, 221–222
Governance for Extractive Industries Institute (GOXI)
, 196
Government Accountability Office (GAO)
, 241–242, 292
Government procurement programs, corruption and irregularities in
, 368–369
Gqirana, Thulani
, 404
Grameen Bank
, 138
Grand corruption
, 211, 212
Gratitude payments to doctors
, 331
Grease money
, 49–67, 482
Great Britain. See United Kingdom (UK)
Great Depression
, 284, 291–293
Great Recession
, 136, 142, 280, 283
Greece, crony capitalism in
, 123
Greenvale
, 484, 502
Greenwald, Robert
, 459
Groceries Code Adjudicator (GCA)
, 502
Gross domestic product (GDP)
, 482
Guanxi phenomenon
, 77–80, 96, 392
Guidelines for Multinational Enterprises
, 61
Gyles Commission
, 399, 400
Hard law
, 57
Hawala
, 256n1
Healthcare
, 156, 223, 332, 342, 349, 353
Health payment systems, corruption in
, 308
Hierarchy versus egalitarianism
, 102, 104
High demand, high prices scenario
, 188–190, 195
competitive rivalry
, 188
power of buyers
, 189
power of suppliers
, 190
threat of entry
, 188–189
threat of substitutes
, 189
Hill and Knowlton
, 463
Holding Individuals Accountable and Deterring Money Laundering Act of 2013
, 259
Holland, crony capitalism in
, 142
Home country
, 125, 137, 174, 216, 230
Hong Kong
construction industry
, 398–399
informal relationships in
, 78
wealth inequality
, 107
Host country
, 162, 183, 198, 202, 203, 214, 424
Howard, John
, 466
HSBC Bank
, 258, 264
Human capital
, 153, 175
Hungary
formal patient payments, abolishment of
, 322
Hush money
, 222
IKEA
, 482, 483
Import
, 157, 169, 365, 366, 372, 373, 433
corruption
, 165
market
, 365
moral
, 81–86
social
, 81–86
Incentives
, 384–385
India
crony capitalism in
, 123
market growth
, 272
Indiana Constitution
, 102
Individualism
, 102
Individuals, and corruption
, 164–166
Indochina, crony capitalism in
, 123
Indonesia
crony capitalism in
, 123
nepotism and cronyism in
, 108
wealth inequality
, 107
Inequality
, 106-107, 257
Infomercials
, 461
Informal patient payments
macro level
, 318–321
meso level
, 314–318
micro level
, 309–314
Informal payments in health care
, 305–323
attitudes towards
, 313
definition of
, 306–309
Informal provider payments
, 315, 322
Information asymmetries
, 28, 307, 318
Information and Communication Networks (ICN)
, 217
Infrastructure
, 156, 157, 166, 168–170, 173, 183–186, 190, 194, 196, 198, 201, 206, 212, 223, 274, 280, 352, 397, 403, 410, 430
ING
, 258
Inglehardt–Welzel map
, 105
Injustice
, 54, 99
Insider information
, 186, 210, 213
Institute of Internal Auditors (IIA)
, 290
Institute of Medicine of the National Academy of Sciences
, 338
Institutional corruption
, 283, 295–298
Institutional economics
, 28, 29, 40
Institutional failure
, 4
Institutional/governance structures
, 183–187, 190, 192, 194
Institutionalization
, 30, 45
Institutional Shareholder Services (ISS)
, 216
Institutions
, 152, 154, 165, 175
Insurance payment
, 490
Integrity
, 12, 53, 66, 72, 204–206, 210, 216, 225–229, 241, 273, 294, 332, 337, 343, 353, 436, 439, 447
Intel
, 462
Intermediaries
, 182, 204, 245, 261, 425
Internal Revenue Service (IRS)
, 245, 246, 248, 249
International Anti-Bribery and Fair Competition Act of 1998
, 58n9
International Auditing and Assurance Standards Board (IAASB)
, 294
International Chamber of Commerce (ICC)
corruption, definition of
, 8
Rules of Conduct to Combat Extortion and Bribery
, 63–64
International Committee of Medical Journal Editors (ICMJE)
, 338
International Federation of Accountants (IFAC)
, 294
International Financial Action Group (FATF)
, 424–425
International Monetary Fund (IMF)
, 56, 130, 185, 243
corruption, definition of
, 7–8
financial support to crony capitalism
, 122
Plenary Meeting of the Financial Action Task Force (FATF) on Money Laundering
, 262
International Olympic Committee (IOC)
, 427–429
International Standard on Quality Control (ISQC)
, 294
International Standards on Auditing (ISAs)
, 294
International Standards on Combating Money Laundering and the Financing of Terrorism & Proliferation
, 241
International Transfer Certificates
, 426
Interpol
, 330
Introductory allowance
, 487–493
economic explanations of
, 489–491
empirical evidence of
, 491–493
Introductory fees
, 487
Investment consultants
, 286–287
Investment consulting
, 287–289
Invisibility
, 456, 457
Invitations to lunches
, 32
Iran
Iranian Transactions Regulations
, 267
supply side corruption
, 184
Iraq, supply side corruption in
, 184
Ireland, crony capitalism in
, 142
Italy, nepotism and cronyism in
, 96
IT sector, corruption in
, 209–231
Japan, premodern corruption system in
, 130
Jaspers’ notion of truth claims
, 86–89
Jeitinho (Brazil)
, 106
JGC (Japan Gas Corporation)
, 169, 172
Job satisfaction
, 99
Johnson & Johnson scandal
, 344
Johnson, David R.
, 429
Jouissance
, 43, 44
Journalists
, 200, 240, 289, 455, 460–464, 467, 470–478
JP Morgan
, 264
Judges
, 9, 19, 102, 122, 130, 430, 443
Judgment deficit
, 298
Jurisdiction
, 16, 58, 239, 240, 244, 257, 260, 261, 271, 283
Justice
, 39, 46, 53
Kaeser, Joe
, 230, 231
KBR (Kellogg Brown and Root)
, 171, 172
Keep-off-the-shelves fees
, 487
Keita, Lamine
, 430
Khasis, Lev
, 492
Kickbacks
, 319, 320, 322, 351, 393, 406, 407, 501
Kill fees
, 487
Kim, Jim Yong
, 330
Kleinfeld, Klaus
, 223, 228
Know your customer (KYC) requirements
, 274
Koloskov, Viacheslav
, 437
KPMG
, 297–298, 416
Krammer, Georges
, 171, 172
Kurer, Peter
, 246–247
Kurtz, Howard
, 460
Labor unions
, 140, 221
Language
, 43–44
Lasky, Benjamin
, 270
Latin America
crony capitalism in
, 123
nepotism and cronyism in
, 96
Law
anticorruption
, 394
hard
, 57
soft
, 60n14
tax
, 217, 219, 247
Laws, John
, 469–470
Lawyers
, 134, 140, 246, 288
Legality
, 31
Legislative treatment of petty corruption
, 57–63
Bribery Act of 2011
, 62
European Union
, 63
Foreign Corrupt Practices Act of 1977
, 58–59
OECD Convention
, 59–61
United Nations Convention against Corruption
, 61
Legitimacy
, 110–112
Lehman Brothers
, 297
License to operate
, 186, 243
Li, Eduardo
, 442
LIBOR scandal
, 258
Libya, supply side corruption in
, 184
Liquefied natural gas (LNG)
, 168–169, 173
Liquid purification techniques
, 168
Lloyds TSB
, 258
Lobbying
, 108, 109
Logistic contracts
, 502
London Stock Exchange
, 188
Löscher, Peter
, 217, 223–226, 228
Loss of commonalities
, 76–80
Loss of communicability
, 86–89
Loss of social bonds
, 81–86
Low demand, low prices scenario
, 191–196
competitive rivalry
, 192
power of buyers
, 193
power of suppliers
, 193–196
threat of entry
, 192
threat of substitutes
, 192–193
Loyalty
, 213, 217, 220–221, 229
Lynch, Jessica
, 459
MacMaster, Tom
, 467
Macro environmental obstacles to corruption reform
, 120–125
Macro institutional levels, vision and values at
, 129–130
Madoff, Bernie
, 10
Al Majid, Phaedra
, 438
Malaysia
crony capitalism in
, 123
wealth inequality
, 107
Malinowski’s notion of culture
, 76–77
Management
, 4, 26, 32, 33, 39, 99, 109, 134–136, 169, 171, 172, 180, 187, 196–198, 200, 204, 212, 215, 217, 218, 221–231, 242, 247, 263, 269, 270, 274, 295, 314, 331, 341, 351, 353, 354, 369, 396, 400, 410, 413–416
Manufacturing of medicines
anticorruption measures
, 343–344
corruption in
, 341–343
Marginal factor cost (MFC)
, 377, 378
Marginal physical product (MPP)
, 377–378
Marin, José Maria
, 442
Market(s/ing)
anticorruption measures
, 347–348
black
, 353, 354, 432
competitive
, 382
contracts
, 502
corruption in
, 344–347
input
, 365–367, 376–379
logic, corruption of
, 39
monitoring and supervision
, 384
structure
, 371–374
Martin Act of 1921
, 271
Marubeni
, 170
Masters, Chris
, 477
McCarthy, Joseph
, 477
McKinsey Global Institute
, 201
Media and Entertainment Arts Alliance (MEAA)
Code of Ethics
, 473
Media corruption
, 453–479
advertorials
, 461, 467
anticorruption measures
, 477–478
biased news
, 459–461
cash-for-comment
, 464, 467, 469–470
collusion of corruption
, 470–477
fake news
, 462–463
fictional news
, 459
fiction as fact
, 467
hackers
, 468–469
hoaxers
, 468–469
infomercials
, 461
news for sale
, 460–461
photo-manipulation
, 465
techno-media corruption
, 467–468
types of
, 459–466
Media release journalism
, 463, 467
Medicare fraud
, 348
Medtech industry
, 41
Mersiades, Bonita
, 438
Meso organizational level, vision and values at
, 131
Meso organizational obstacles to corruption reform
, 125–126
Metaphor of the ledger
, 31
Metro
, 482
Mexico
nepotism and cronyism in
, 96
wealth inequality
, 107
Micro individual level, vision and values at
, 131–132
Micro individual obstacles to corruption reform
, 127–129
Microlending alternative institution
, 137–138
Miller, Judith
, 460
Modern portfolio theory (MPT)
, 287
Money laundering
, 237–251, 255–274, 424–426, 441, 442, 444, 446, 483
global estimates of
, 261–262
integration stage of
, 240, 261
layering stage of
, 239–240, 260–261
placement stage of
, 239, 260
regulatory responses to
, 263–264
tools and techniques
, 261
Money Laundering Control Act of 1986
, 263
Monitoring
, 60, 63, 64, 66, 212, 222, 225, 227, 228, 241, 263, 274, 286, 308, 316, 321, 341, 347, 348, 351, 352, 355, 365, 366, 370–371, 384–385, 405, 416, 445, 447
Monopoly
, 108, 124, 181, 183, 197, 214, 215, 335, 348, 373, 495
Moosmayer, Klaus
, 226
Moral
authority
, 82, 83
autonomy
, 82, 85
behavior
, 55, 82
code
, 80, 84
consciousness
, 81–82
distance
, 46
hazard
, 315
import of culture
, 81–83
import of gift-giving
, 83–86
responsibility
, 54, 474, 475
Morality
, 75
Moral principles
, 81–83
Most-favored-company-clause
, 497–498, 500
Motivation
, 30, 82, 99, 181, 213, 310, 322, 344, 350, 379
Mukora, Charles Nderitu
, 430
Multinational enterprises (MNEs)
, 174
Multistakeholders. See Stakeholders
Murrow, Edward R.
, 477
Mutual gain negotiating
, 133
M.W. Kellogg
, 169
Myth of Gyges
, 453–454, 455, 463
Namibia, egalitarianism in
, 105–108
National Housing Enterprise (NHE)
, 106
National levels, vision and values at
, 129–130
National Minerals Agency
, 196
National resource companies
, 186
Natural gas
, 167, 168
Natural Resource Charter
, 200
Natural Resource Governance Institute (NRGI)
, 187–188, 191, 200
Natural Resource Charter
, 200
Resource Governance Index
, 180
Natural resources
, 121, 123, 159, 167, 168, 172–173, 180–185, 197, 199, 200
Navalny, Alexei
, 430
Nepotism
, 10, 95–113, 320, 393
culture and
, 101–103
in developing and developed economies
, 108–109
disadvantages of
, 98–100
egalitarianism and
, 103–109
external forces
, 100
internal forces
, 100–101
particularism and
, 109–112
resources and benefits of
, 97–98
universalism and
, 109–112
Netherlands
health care fraud and abuse
, 317
slotting fees
, 486
wealth inequality
, 107
Networking methods
, 132–134
News for sale
, 460–461
News of the World phone-hacking scandal
, 467–468
New store opening fees
, 487
New York Clearing House
, 261
New York State Department of Financial Services (NYSDFS)
, 258, 259, 265, 267–270, 273
complaint against Standard Chartered Bank
, 268
New Zealand
Medicine and Medical Devices Safety Authority
, 348
Nigeria
lower commodity prices
, 197
oil sector
, 196
power shortages and blackouts
, 180
TSKJ corruption scandal
, 166–174
Nigeria LNG
, 169
No Child Left Behind (NCLB)
, 464
Nokia Corporation
, 20
Non-governmental organizations (NGOs)
, 184, 189, 199, 202, 203, 368, 369, 370
Nonprosecution agreement (NPA)
, 249, 250
North America, construction industry in
, 396
Northern Italy, crony capitalism in
, 142
Northern Spain, crony capitalism in
, 142
Norway
crony capitalism in
, 142
resource governance
, 180
sovereign wealth fund
, 194
NovoNordis
, 131
Nuzman, Carlos Arthur
, 432
O & P Event Marketing
, 432
Obama Administration
, 263
Obstacles to corruption reform
macro environmental obstacles
, 120–125
meso organizational obstacles
, 125–126
micro individual obstacles
, 127–129
Office of Foreign Assets Control (OFAC)
, 263, 267, 268, 270, 271
Office of Terrorism and Financial Intelligence
, 263
Office of the President of the United States
, 263
Offshore tax evasion, bank secrecy and
, 243–250
Olympic Bid Invitation Committee
, 427
Olympic Games corruption
, 424–432
Olympiads of Ancient Greece
, 426–427
Summer Olympic Games (2016)
, 431–432
Winter Olympic Games (1998)
, 427–428
Winter Olympic Games (2002)
, 429–430
Winter Olympic Games (2014)
, 430–431
Ombudsmen
, 222, 225
Omnibus Trade and Competitiveness Act of 1988
, 58
Ontology, positive
, 38, 39
Opportunistic behavior
, 78, 79
Opportunity
, 395, 408, 456
Organizational commitment
, 99
Organizational complexity
, 33, 46
Organizational corruption
, 3–20
Organizational structures
, 370, 383
Organizational theories of corruption
, 30–34
Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD)
, 58n9, 59–61, 217, 262
Convention on Combating Bribery of Foreign Public Officials in International Business Transactions
, 59–60, 214
corruption, definition of
, 15
Good Practice Guidance on Internal Controls, Ethics, and Compliance
, 61
Guidelines for Multinational Enterprises
, 61
Recommendation on Bribery in International Business Transactions
, 59
Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC)
, 193
Organized crime
, 238, 434, 441, 446
Othering
, 43, 44, 76
Out-of-pocket payments
, 310
Pakistan, crony capitalism in
, 123
Panama Papers
, 239, 477
Parmalat SpA
, 10
Particularism
, 109–112
Partnering against Corruption Initiative (PACI)
, 63
Patrimonial capitalism
, 238
Patriot Act
, 263
Patronage
, 393
Pay-for-space payments
, 485, 486
Pay-to-stay fee. See Slotting allowance
Peace, Sir John
, 272
Penalties
, 85, 135, 172, 225, 241–243, 245, 249–251, 258, 259, 263, 274, 295, 315, 321, 338, 348, 354, 355, 403, 413
Pension consultants
, 286
Petrobrás
, 180, 435
Petroleum sector
, 166
Petty corruption
, 12, 49–67, 211, 212
definition of
, 50
fight against
, 56–66
Pfizer
, 462
“Phaedo” archetype
, 129
Pharmaceutical Advertising Advisory Board (PAAB)
, 346
Pharmaceutical sector corruption
, 41, 137, 308, 318–320, 470–477, 329–355
distribution of medicines
, 353–355
manufacturing of medicines
, 341–343
marketing practices
, 344–348
methodology
, 333
procurement of medicines
, 349–353
registration processes
, 339–341
research and development
, 334–339
Philosophy of corruption
, 27, 34–40, 45, 46
Physician Payment Sunshine Act
, 347
Pieth, Mark
, 438
Plame, Valerie
, 460
Platini, Michel François
, 437
Poland
slotting fees
, 486
Police
, 317, 401, 407, 432, 454, 461, 477
Political institutions
, 29
Politically Exposed Persons (PEPs)
, 241, 263, 445
Political parties
, 106, 108, 121, 138, 140, 153, 164, 200, 210, 370, 383
Politicians
, 57, 83, 108, 203, 230, 257, 282, 404, 470
Positive ontology
, 38, 39
Postpositivist approach
, 42
Poverty
, 257
Power
, 6–14, 19, 20, 40, 134–137, 210, 456
of buyers
, 189
distance
, 104, 105
imbalance
, 369–370
of suppliers
, 190
Preferential Procurement Policy Framework
, 405
Presentation fees
, 487
Press. See Media corruption
Pressure
, 395, 408
Prevention of Corruption Performance Standards
, 204
Price
competition
, 482
bidding
, 169, 185–187, 197, 213, 320, 349, 351, 352, 393, 435–437, 439, 440, 494
PricewaterhouseCoopers (PwC)
, 291, 483
Principal
, 28–30, 37, 52–53
Principal–agent theory
, 28–30, 37
Principles for Countering Bribery
, 63
Private sector
, 39, 40
Privatization
, 184–186
Procter & Gamble (P&G)
, 492
Procurement
, 308, 320
of medicines. See Procurement of medicines
program
, 379–381
Procurement of medicines
anticorruption measures
, 351–353
corruption in
, 349–351
isolated procurement corruption
, 350
systematic procurement corruption
, 350
Productivity, corruption and
, 123
Profit maximization
, 344, 377
Property rights
, 283, 433
Prosecutors
, 62, 102, 122, 130, 135, 216, 271, 432, 442, 443
Protected Disclosures Act
, 407
Protestantism
, 102
Pseudo-gifts
, 73, 90
Psychoanalysis of corruption
, 27, 40–46
Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (PCAOB)
, 295
Public investment
, 181, 468
Public management
, 39
Public opinion
, 219, 230, 463
Public Oversight Board (POB)
, 293, 294
Public–private partnerships
, 280
Public Relations (PR)
, 470, 474–477, 479
Public sector
, 5, 33, 39, 50, 98, 121, 122, 264, 331, 332, 393, 415
“Publish What You Pay” (PWYP)
, 199
Pulling strings (UK)
, 106
Putin, Vladimir
, 430, 437
Qatar
FIFA World Cup 2022
, 435–436, 438–439
Qualified Intermediary Agreements (QIAs)
, 245
Quasiformal patient payments
, 313
Racketeer Influenced and Corruption Organizations Act (RICO)
, 338
Radio. See Broadcast
Randomized control trials (RCT)
, 334–337
Rather, Dan
, 459
Rational agent
, 45
Rational choice theory
, 46
Rationality
, 42, 284
Rationalization
, 30, 31, 33, 45-46, 395, 409, 457
Reagan, Ronald
, 267
Reciprocal ethical networking
, 133
Reciprocity (renqing)
, 77, 79
Recommendation on Bribery in International Business Transactions
, 59
Recruitment
, 111, 112, 337
Redressive action
, 215, 222–228
Red tape
, 366, 381
Reform methods
, 119–143
alternative institution building methods
, 137–139
bottom-up whistle-blowing methods
, 134–137
macro environmental obstacles
, 120–125
meso organizational obstacles
, 125–126
micro individual obstacles
, 127–129
power-based top-down compliance methods
, 134–137
social movement methods
, 139–141
vision and values based methods
, 129–132
win-win incentive and networking methods
, 132–134
Regional development banks
, 56
Registration processes
anticorruption measures
, 340–341
corruption in
, 339–340
Regulations
, 55, 72, 134, 211, 213, 217, 219, 221, 224–229, 267, 269, 280, 281, 284, 291, 298, 307, 316, 319–321, 334, 355, 370, 405, 445, 446, 483, 484
Regulatory responses to money laundering
, 263–264
Reith, Peter
, 465
Relative deprivation
, 78
Religion
, 83, 158, 458
Religious criminality
, 83
Rent-seeking behavior
, 156, 161, 182, 187
Reputation
, 51, 54, 55, 63, 79, 218, 223, 226, 227, 231, 241, 259, 269, 273, 336, 401, 402, 470
Research and development (R&D)
, 334–339
anticorruption measures
, 337–339
Resource Governance Index
, 180
Resources. See Natural resources
Responsive adjustment principle
, 227, 228
Retail industry corruption
, 481–503
critical assessment
, 500–503
introductory allowance
, 488–493
slotting allowance
, 487, 493–500
slotting fees
, 485–488, 500–503
Return on equity (ROE)
, 267
Reversing corruption
, 197–202
contingencies of
, 205–206
Riza, Shaha
, 10
Rocha, Julio
, 442
Roman Empire, decline of
, 4
Roosevelt, Franklin D.
, 291
Royal Bank of Scotland
, 258
Royal Dutch Shell
, 169
Royal Institution of Chartered Surveyors (RICS)
, 416
Ruddock, Philip
, 465
Rules of Conduct to Combat Extortion and Bribery
, 63–64
Russia
expertise and capital investment in extractive industries
, 189
FIFA World Cup 2018
, 435–437
market growth
, 272
power of suppliers
, 193
slotting fees
, 486
svyazi
, 106
Sainsbury’s
, 484
Salaries
, 11, 13, 52, 100, 156, 212, 314, 316, 354
Sam, David
, 430
Sanctions
, 53, 56, 62, 65, 82, 86, 193, 218, 220, 225, 226, 241–243, 258, 259, 263, 267, 269, 271, 272, 274, 295, 315, 338, 343, 352, 353, 413, 447
Sanofi
, 137
Sarbanes–Oxley Act (SOX)
, 59, 295–298
Sartre’s notion of bad faith
, 74–76
Satellite media tours (SMTs)
, 462
Saudi Arabia
power of suppliers
, 193, 194
Scandals
Enron
, 4, 33, 131, 293
FIFA World Cup
, 439–443
Johnson & Johnson
, 344
LIBOR
, 258
News of the World
, 467–468
TSKJ
, 166–174
Watergate
, 477
WorldCom
, 10, 20, 293
Scandinavia
, 134
Scenario analysis
, 187–196
high demand, high prices scenario
, 188–190
low demand, low prices scenario
, 191–196
Schulenberg, Klaus-Peter
, 432
Securities Act of 1933
, 291
Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC)
, 65, 135, 281, 286, 291–293, 295
Securities Exchange Act of 1934
, 260, 291
Security
, 64, 99, 169, 220, 227, 263, 354, 364, 365, 381, 403, 434, 437, 460, 463, 467–468
Self-interest
, 89
Self-justification
, 395, 457
Self-knowledge
, 457
Self-reflection
, 457, 458
Self-regarding gain
, 456, 457n4
Self-regulation
, 245, 281, 292, 294, 295, 298, 346
Self-respect
, 83
Serious Fraud Office (SFO)
, 65
Shadow economy
, 393
Shareholder
, 16, 28, 34, 46, 242, 282
Shelf fees
, 487
SHUJAN (Citizens for Good Governance)
, 370
Sibandze, David Sikhulumi
, 430
Siekaczek, Reinhard
, 220
Siemens
, 124–125
corrupt corporate culture in
, 209–231
patterns of corrupt culture
, 218–222
redressive actions
, 222–226
Siemens Integrity Initiative
, 231
Siemens Value Map
, 231
trust, rebuilding
, 226–230
Sierra Leone
lower commodity prices
, 197
mineral industry
, 196
Singapore
informal relationships in
, 78
wealth inequality
, 107
Silence money. See Hush money
Slotting allowance
, 487, 493–500
economic explanations of
, 495–498
empirical evidence of
, 498–500
Slotting fees
, 485–488
ethical issues in
, 500–503
types of
, 487
Smurfing
, 261n3
Snamprogetti
, 169
Soccer
, 403, 414
Social capital
, 99
Social contract
, 76
Social differentiation
, 39
Socialization
, 30, 31–2, 45, 46
Social morality
, 81–83
Social movement methods
, 139–141
Social weighting
, 31
Social welfare
, 152, 320, 395
Société Générale
, 264
Society for Worldwide Interbank Financial Telecommunication (SWIFT)
, 239, 261, 268
Soft law
, 60n14
Sokol, Bill
, 287
“Sophist” archetype
, 128–129
Soros, George
, 199
South Africa
Competition Commission of South Africa
, 403
corruption in construction industry
, 391–418
Council of South African Trade Unions
, 403–404
National Department of Public Works (NDPW)
, 404
Preferential Procurement Policy Framework
, 405
Protected Disclosures Act
, 407
survey research
, 405–408
Speed money
, 50, 482
Sports industry, corruption in
, 423–447
FIFA World Cups
, 432–443
Olympic Games
, 426–432
prevention and law enforcement
, 443–445
Sports industry, crimes in
, 424–426
Staged news
, 463–464
Stakeholders
, 10, 16, 20, 60, 72, 199, 200, 202, 203, 205, 206, 226–228, 230, 331, 332, 396, 407
Standard Chartered Bank
, 255–274
financial ratio summary
, 266
geographic ownership summary of
, 265
holdings of
, 265
money laundering allegations
, 267–270
NYSDFS complaint against
, 268
overview of
, 264–267
Regulatory Fines, 2012-2015
, 272
2012 and beyond
, 270–273
Standard operation procedures (SOPs)
, 340, 352
Starbucks
, 283
State Board of Accounts
, 102
State capture
, 320
States. See Nation states
Stephens, Donald
, 103n3
Stock-buy-out fees
, 487
Street money
, 487
Sub-Saharan Africa
construction industry
, 402–405
Substitute industries
, 189
Summer Olympic Games (2016), corruption in
, 431–432
Superego
, 43
Supermarket Code of Practice
, 501
Supply chain
, 224, 308, 319, 332, 333, 354
Supply side corruption
, 183–187
Suspicious Activity Reports (SARs)
, 263, 444, 447
Sustainability
, 131, 185, 189, 205, 231
Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)
, 16, 330
Sweden
crony capitalism in
, 142
egalitarianism
, 104
wealth inequality
, 107
Sweett Group
, 397
Swiss Bankers Association
, 244
Swiss Bank Program
, 249
Swiss Federal Banking Commission
, 245
Switzerland
bank secrecy and tax evasion
, 243–250
crony capitalism in
, 142
wealth inequality
, 107
Symbolic order
, 43
Systemic corruption
, 211
Systemic institutional failure
, 240–243
Systems theory, corruption on
, 39
Takkas, Costas
, 442
Tanzi, Calisto
, 10
Task Force on Anti-Bribery and Corruption
, 231
Taxation
, 161
Tax evasion
, 237–251
offshore, bank secrecy and
, 243–250
Tax law
, 217, 219, 247
Tea money
, 50
Technip
, 169, 171–172
Techno-media corruption
, 467–468
Telecommunication. See IT sector corruption
Temarii, Reynald
, 435, 436, 439–441
Tender rigging
, 417
Thailand
wealth inequality
, 107
Theft
, 9–10, 308
The Investment Integration Project (TIIP)
, 281
Tibble v. Edison International
, 286
Tips
, 78
Tokenism
, 393
Trade
, 4, 17, 139, 184, 201, 205, 214, 240, 263, 264, 267, 271, 282, 286, 290, 433, 437, 486, 489
Traditions
, 29, 83, 134, 157, 158, 173, 211, 306, 307, 321, 484
Traffic Sports International Inc.
, 442
Traffic Sports USA Inc.
, 442
Training programs
, 224, 227
Transfer Matching System (TMS)
, 426n1
Transparency
, 196–202, 337, 338, 340, 341, 343, 352, 355
at deal-making licensing stage
, 198–199
initiatives
, 202–205
of negotiated outcomes in contracts
, 198
Transparency International (TI)
, 107, 159, 162, 219, 330, 392, 396, 415
Bribe Payers’ Index
, 180
Business Principles for Countering Bribery
, 64, 66
corruption, definition of
, 7, 27, 35, 37, 210
Corruption Perception Index
, 196
Global Corruption Report
, 308
Trinidad and Tobago Federation of Football (TTFF)
, 436
Trust
, 6–9, 11–14, 19, 20, 201, 203
absolute
, 88
claims, Jaspers’ notion of
, 86–89
empty
, 89
existential
, 86
generalized
, 6
philosophical
, 87
rebuilding
, 226–230
ultimate
, 87, 89
universal
, 86
TSKJ (Technip, Snamprogetti, KBR, Japan Gas) corruption scandal
, 166–174
Turkey
construction industry
, 398
nepotism and cronyism in
, 96
UBS tax case
, 245–248, 264
UEFA
, 441
Uganda, egalitarianism in
, 105
UK Bribery Act of 2011 (BA)
, 62
Ukraine, transition economies of
, 161
Under-the-table or envelop payments. See Informal payments in health care
Undue influence
, 15–18
Unethical pro-organizational behavior
, 220
Unfair treatment
, 99
UN Global Compact
, 64
United Arab Emirates
, 273
United Kingdom (UK)
Bristol Employment Tribunal
, 397
construction industry
, 396–397, 413
Financial Supervisory Authority
, 271
House of Commons Culture, Media and Sport Committee
, 437
nepotism and cronyism in
, 108
pulling strings
, 106
resource governance
, 180
slotting fees
, 486
system of regulating auditors and accountants
, 294
wealth inequality
, 106–107
United Nations
, 15, 50
United Nations Convention against Corruption (UNCAC)
, 15, 61
United Nations Development Programme (UNDP)
, 392
United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC)
, 262
United States of America (USA)
campaign finance in
, 7
Department of Justice
, 65, 135, 227, 258, 270–272
Department of Labor
, 286, 289
National Institute of Health
, 348
nepotism and cronyism in
, 102–103
resource governance
, 180
Securities and Exchange Commission
, 135
sentencing guidelines
, 135
shale gas production
, 193
slotting fees
, 486
Treasury
, 258, 263, 267, 271
Universalism
, 109–112
Unskilled labor
, 341
Valcke, Jerôme
, 442
Value of marginal product (VMP)
, 377, 378
Values-based methods, of corruption reform
at macro institutional and national levels
, 129–130
at meso organizational level
, 131
at micro individual level
, 131–132
Venal corruption
, 282–283
Venezuela
power shortages and blackouts
, 180
Vietnam, bribery payment in
, 484
Vietz, Eginhard
, 230
Vision-based methods, of corruption reform
at macro institutional and national levels
, 129–130
at meso organizational level
, 131
at micro individual level
, 131–132
Vnesheconombank
, 431
Volkswagen
, 137
Volume bonus
, 487
Von Pierer, Heinrich
, 216, 217, 220, 223, 228
Walgreens
, 283
Wall Street
, 258
Wal-Mart
, 482, 483, 494, 499
Warner, Daryan
, 442
Warner, Daryll
, 442
Warner, Jack
, 436, 439, 441, 442
Wasta (Arab world)
, 106
Water
, 100, 410
Watergate scandal
, 477
Weapons of Mass Destruction (WMDs)
, 460, 466
Welch, Thomas K.
, 430
Welfare
, 308, 315, 322
social
, 152, 320, 395
economic
, 296
Whistle-blowing
, 120, 124, 125, 129, 134–137, 139, 141, 142, 225
White-collar crimes
, 271
Whitlam, Gough
, 401
Winters, Bill
, 273
Win-win incentive methods
, 132–134
Wolfowitz, Paul
, 10–11
Wolfsberg Group
, 264
Woodward, Bob
, 477
World Bank
, 56, 10–11, 330
corruption, definition of
, 7, 27, 35, 37
Governance for Extractive Industries Institute
, 196
World Bank Institute
Collective Action Guide
, 230
World Business Environment Survey (WBES)
, 159, 164
WorldCom scandal
, 10, 20, 293
World Cup. See FIFA World Cup corruption
World Economic Forum
, 63, 280
Global Agenda Council on Transparency and Anti-Corruption
, 231
World Health Organization (WHO)
, 330, 337, 338
World Trade Organization (WTO)
, 214–215
Xi Jinping
, 130
Yoshida, Kazutani
, 428
Yunus, Muhammad
, 138
Zhu, Min
, 256
Zimbabwe, egalitarianism in
, 105
Zuma, Jacob
, 403–404
- Prelims
- Part I Explaining and Preventing Corrupt Practices
- Chapter 1 What is Organizational Corruption?
- Chapter 2 Corruption: Maximizing, Socializing, Balancing, and Othering
- Chapter 3 Petty Corruption – Facilitating Payments and Grease Money
- Chapter 4 The Impact of Disguised Bribes – Distorting the Basic Functions of Gift-Giving Practices
- Chapter 5 Nepotism and Cronyism as a Cultural Phenomenon?
- Chapter 6 Viable and Nonviable Methods for Corruption Reform
- Part II Corruption – Cross-Sectoral Experiences
- Chapter 7 Why Does Corruption Persist in Governments across the World?
- Chapter 8 Corruption in Extractive Industries – Changing the Scenario?
- Chapter 9 Corruption in the IT Branch – The Example of Siemens
- Chapter 10 Money Laundering and Tax Evasion – The Assisting of the Banking Sector
- Chapter 11 Money Laundering and Legal Compliance in the U.S. Financial Services Industry: The Case of Standard Chartered Bank
- Chapter 12 Corruption in Finance – The Role of the Investment Consulting and the Financial Auditing Industries
- Chapter 13 Informal Payments in Health Care
- Chapter 14 Corruption in the Pharmaceutical Sector
- Chapter 15 Corruption in the Agriculture Sector – Micro Level Evidence from Bangladesh
- Chapter 16 We Can Fix it – Corruption in the Construction Industry
- Chapter 17 Olympic Games, Football Championships, and Corruption in the Sports Industry
- Chapter 18 Corruption in the Media
- Chapter 19 Corruption in the Retail Industry
- About the Authors
- Index