Absorptive capacity

, 370, 377, 379, 381, 386

Activity-based innovation centres

, 40–41, 65, 75

Africa Innovation Summit (AIS)

, 2, 16, 447, 448–449

bi-annual

, 2

green industrialisation and green urban development

, 16

quadruple model

, 448, 449

African countries, emergence of innovations systems in

, 430, 436

African culture

, 27, 224, 431

African development agenda

, 28, 30

African Economic Outlook

, 29, 32

African economies

, 30, 239–240, 385, 389–390

Afro-pessimism

, 1

Agricultural by-products

, 285–286, 288, 297, 299, 301–308, 306, 308, 444

critical factors of constraint

, 302–305

critical factors of success

, 301

in Egypt

eliminating poverty

, 287–288

greenhouse effect

, 287

industries, raw materials and fuel

, 288–289

innovative initiatives of

, 292–293

Jozour foundation

, 288

palm remnants industry in

, 289–292

Agricultural research

, 45, 339–340

Agricultural residues

, 283–289, 294, 297, 299–300

AIS. See Africa Innovation Summit (AIS)

Algeria, steel sector in

emerging innovation hub (EIH)

identification

, 362

importance of best practices

, 364–366

incentive system

, 368–369

initial stage

, 369

institutional and political environment

, 361–362

intellectual property management

, 364

learning and technology transfer

, 366–367

new working method

, 369–370

organizational factor

, 363–364

innovation process

, 351–361

policy lessons

, 377–383

policy recommendations

, 383–388

protagonists, and critical issues

, 344–351

Anti-innovation

, 143

Automated teller machine (ATM)

, 180

Autonomous Mobile Processing Unit (AMPU)

, 259, 260

Bandwidth barn (BWB)

, 72

Business

explicit

, 41–42

innovation-based opportunities

, 39

registration

, 109, 136

Cabo Verde, national innovation system

aims and scope of the study

, 102–105

Business-in-a-Day program

, 105

challenges

, 104

development strategy

, 103

diaspora brain gain

, 131

electronic government

, 105–106, 120–131

industrial policy

, 161–162

innovation ecosystem macro and micro factors

, 117–120

institutional autonomy

, 161

minimizing the price of success

, 161

political foundations of success

, 116–117

politics right

, 160–161

promoting interaction and collaboration

, 163

public sector

, 162–163

telecommunications infrastructure

, 132–133

unlikely success story

, 112–116

Cape Craft and Design Institute (CCDI)

, 82

Capital gains tax (CGT)

, 200

Cassava

bread

, 258, 265, 275, 440

challenges

commercialization

, 271–272

documentation

, 270–271

industry bodies

, 271–272

public private collaboration

, 268–270

public research collaboration

, 267–268

triple helix

, 273

commercialization

, 245, 251–252

commercialization innovations

, 249

flour, high quality

, 257–258, 262

harvester

, 261, 263

industrialization

, 258

industry

, 10, 239

innovation

, 247, 262, 275

developing

, 274

disseminating

, 273

largest producer of

, 239, 244

processing

, 252, 254–255, 262, 267

products

, 251, 255, 265, 275, 445

recommendations

political economy

, 274–275

standards

, 275–276

system wide innovations

, 273–274

trust innovations

, 276

roots

, 242, 256

starch

, 241–242

value chain

, 239, 241, 244, 262, 276, 279

Cassava innovation

in Nigeria

, 263

regional integration

, 254

Cassava processing equipment

, 265, 269, 270

development

, 260, 262

manufacture

, 254, 270

Cassava production

, 240, 243, 273

innovation in

, 241, 244

CCDI. See Cape Craft and Design Institute (CCDI)

Central Bank of Kenya (CBK)

, 169, 185, 187, 205, 445

CGT. See Capital gains tax (CGT)

CMD. See Cassava mosaic disease (CMD)

Common Fund for Commodities (CFC)

, 252

Communications Commission of Kenya (CCK)

, 172, 174

Competition Authority of Kenya (CAK)

, 201, 203

Constitution

, 183, 199, 205, 354

Council on Health Research and Development (COHRED)

, 64

Countries

developed

, 38, 136, 151, 162, 313, 439

late-industrializing

, 379

Culture

entrepreneurial

, 84, 89

of innovation

, 59

Defence Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA)

, 438

Developer community

, 189–193

Developing countries

innovation in

, 152, 382

successful

, 157

Development economics and innovation systems

, 17, 31

Development economics of innovation

, 25

Development Facilitation Act (DFA)

, 45–46

Digital Equipment Corporation (DEC)

, 174

Direct exchange lines (DELs)

, 171

Dominant growth-and-competitiveness

, 4

Dutch Agricultural Development and Trading Company (DADTCO)

, 259–260

e-government

, 126, 134, 154

Economics

developing

, 21, 25–26, 31, 98, 424

emerging

, 38–39, 41, 50, 390

evolutionary

, 18–19

growth

, 3–4, 33, 38, 62

subsistence

, 285

Egypt, agricultural by-products

eliminating poverty

, 287–288

greenhouse effect

, 287

industries, raw materials and fuel

, 288–289

innovative initiatives of

, 292–293

Jozour foundation

, 288

palm remnants industry in

, 289–292

policy recommendations

, 307–309

EIH. See Emerging innovation hubs (EIH)

Electronic government

, 120–131

origins and scope of

, 105–108

See also Cabo Verde, national innovation system

Electronic Government Development Index (EGDI)

, 134

Electronic government innovation

, 110–112, 118, 128, 131, 139, 152, 161

impressive

, 109

Electronic government platform

, 101–102, 133, 139–141

home-grown

, 9, 99

Emerging innovation hubs (EIH)

, 337, 383

identification

, 362

importance of best practices

, 364–366

incentive system

, 368–369

initial stage

, 369

institutional and political environment

, 361–362

intellectual property management

, 364

learning and technology transfer

, 366–367

new working method

, 369–370

organizational factor

, 363–364

Enrollment, female

, 113–114, 146

Extended total access communication system (ETACS)

, 170

Farmer and industry funding of agricultural research

, 340

Farmer Based Organizations (FBOs)

, 276

Farmers

large-scale

, 331

sugarcane

, 321, 332

Federal Institute of Industrial Research (FIIRO)

, 251

Federal Ministry of Science and Technology (FMST)

, 264–265

Film, Video Producers and Marketers Association of Nigeria (FVPMAN)

, 224

First Steps Venture Centre (FSVC)

, 64

Food research institute (FRI)

, 261–262

Foreign direct investments

, 33, 141–142

Gauteng Accelerator Programme (GAP)

, 55

Gauteng innovation competition

, 55

GDP growth

, 209

Ghana and Nigeria, cassava innovation system (IS)

, 260–262

See also Cassava

Ghana Good Practice Centres (GPCs)

, 253

Ghana model

, 424–425

Ghana, parts of

, 406–407

Ghana’s economy

, 408–409, 415

Global System for Mobile Communication (GSM)

, 172

Good governance and political will

, 120–125

Government

agencies

, 155, 248, 267, 335–336, 372, 406, 430

clean

, 117, 122

critical role

, 180, 444

departments

, 66, 71

entities

, 295, 308

federal

, 233, 272

initiative, electronic

, 123, 128, 144

innovation strategies

, 91

institutions

, 318, 440

intervention

, 223, 439

local

, 55, 71, 127

municipal

, 109, 137

officials

, 73, 323

policy

, 24, 87, 90, 168, 183, 408, 417, 422

procurement

, 154, 157

sectors

, 43, 261

strategies

, 88, 91

Government project, electronic

, 127–128

Government research institutes

, 260, 273

High quality cassava flour (HQCF)

, 257

Horizontal co-ordination of innovation policies

, 339

Human development

, 4

Human Development Index (HDI)

, 113

Idea for innovation Africa

, 5–6

Identifying and documenting the case studies

, 7

Inclusive innovation systems

, 5

Information and communications technology (ICT)

, 168

Information and Communications Technology Sector Policy Guidelines

, 181

Innovation and development system (IDS)

, 16

Innovation ecosystem macro and micro factors

, 117–120

Innovation policy coordination, Kenya

capacity

, 318–320

case descriptions

, 320–321

coordination of

, 316–318

data

, 321

data analysis

, 321–322

exclusive and shared mandates

, 328–329

functions and instruments

, 316

institutional mandates and designs

, 323–324

managing programs and resources for innovation

, 324–328

mandate

, 318–320

operational practices

, 329–331

operational practices for

, 318–320

organisational goals

, 318–320

Innovation system (IS)

, 260

Cabo Verde NIS

, 102

development

economics

, 14, 17–24

significance of

, 24–31

economics of

, 15

functional innovation systems

, 97

and industrial economic development

, 14

for policy learning

, 15

regional and national

, 41

with sustainable and integrated development

, 16

Innovation-driven African development

, 10–11

Institutional innovation

, 128–131

Integrated Municipal System (SIM)

, 108

Interim Governance Committee (IGC)

, 44

Intermediate Technology Transfer Unit (ITTU)

, 401

Intermediate technology Unit (ITTU)

, 261

International Association of Science Parks (IASP)

, 38

International Criminal Court (ICC)

, 199

International Funds for Agriculture (IFAD)

, 253

International monetary fund (IMF)

, 171

IS. See Innovation system (IS)

Jozour Foundation

academia

, 296–297

agricultural by-products

furniture industry

, 300–301

lumber wood industry

, 298–300

consumer/market

, 297–298

entrepreneur

, 294

government/policy

, 295–296

local community/producer

, 297

non-governmental organisations (NGOs)

, 298

Kenya

academia

, 203

financial inclusion

, 204

government

, 202

investors

, 203

mobile telecommunications

, 168–170

new markets

, 204

new ‘mobile’ experiences

, 204

private sector

, 202–203

technology community

, 202

Kenya Communications (Amendment) Act

, 2009, 181

Kenya Communications Act

, 181

Kenya National Sugar Growers Union (KNSGU)

, 329

Kenya Sugar Board (KSB)

, 315

Kenya Sugar Growers Association (KESGA)

, 329

Kenya Sugarcane Research Foundation (KESREF)

, 328

Kenya Tea Development Authority (KTDA)

, 321

Kenya Women Sugarcane Farmers Network (KEWSFN)

, 329

Knowledge, learning, and competence building (KLIC)

, 9

Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology (KNUST)

, 248

Least developed countries (LDCs)

, 112

Lower middle income country (LMIC)

, 145

Macroeconomic policy

, 125–126

Market risk

, 200–201

Mechanization vouchers

, 276

Memoranda of Understanding (MoU)

, 44

Microsoft Innovation Centre (MIC)

, 64

Mobile money and banking in Kenya

, 179–180

Mobile network operators (MNOs)

, 168, 444

Mobile telecommunications

growth of

, 172–179

in Kenya

, 168–170

Mobile virtual network operators (MVNO)

, 169

Multiple structural vulnerabilities

, 103

Namibia Chamber of Commerce and Industry (NCCI)

, 67

National Agricultural Research Systems (NARS)

, 275

National Business Incubator (NBIA) Conference

, 45

National Business Incubator Association (NBIC)

, 48

National Development Plans (NDP)

, 67

National innovation system (NIS)

, 16, 351, 430

challenges and constraints

, 133–136

diaspora brain gain

, 131

diaspora, role of

, 143–144

electronic government

, 120–131

electronic government platform

, 139–141

global integration and trade policy

, 141–143

ICT adoption

, 136–138

innovation ecosystem macro and micro factors

, 117–120

knowledge infrastructure

human development levels

, 145–146

NOSI, role of

, 155–159

private sector development

, 152–155

science, research, and education infrastructure

, 149–152

training and higher education institutions

, 146–149

political foundations of success

, 116–117

telecommunications infrastructure

, 132–133

unlikely success story

, 112–116

NFVCB. See Nigerian Film and Video Censors Board (NFVCB)

Nigeria’s Cassava Transformation Plan (NCTP)

, 279

Nigerian Film and Video Censors Board (NFVCB)

, 223

Nollywood

achievements of

, 209–212

and banks

, 221–222

citizen journalism

, 216

connection to audience

, 214–215

entertainment value

, 216

financing

government finance

, 219

local businessmen

, 217–219

free trade

, 232

growth

, 213–214

home market

, 232

innovations of

in marketing techniques

, 213

use of VHS

, 212

international economy

, 232

investment climate

, 220

lessons

, 231

low unit cost

, 226–227

nature of investment

, 228–231

Nigerian Film and Video Censors Board

national copyright commission (NCC)

, 223–224

terrestrial television stations

, 224

origin of

, 207–208

piracy

, 227–228

and policy

, 223

and politics

, 225–226

recommendations

, 232–235

social impact of

, 224–225

syndication business

, 216–217

Non-governmental organisations (NGOs)

, 198

Núcleo Operacional da Sociedade de Informação (NOSI)

, 107

Open Innovation Solutions Exchange Platform (OISE)

, 55

Operational Nucleus for the Information Society

, 107

Overseas development assistance (ODA)

, 116

Palm residues in Egypt

, 294

See also Jozour Foundation

Pan-African innovation systems

development economics

, 17–24

significance of

, 24–30

Policy risk

, 200

Political risk

, 199–200

Political sphere

, 187–189

Political support

, 126–128

Postal and telecommunications sector policy statement

, 180

Public Financial Management Reform unit

, 107

Ready-to-eat (RTE)

, 250

Reforma da Administração Financeira do Estado (RAFE)

, 107

Robust policy framework

, 443–445

Roots and Tuber Improvement program (RTIP)

, 247

Roots and Tubers Improvement and Marketing Program (RTIMP)

, 253

SAN. See Sustainable Agriculture Network (SAN)

Science, technology, engineering, mathematics and innovation (STEMI)

, 28

Sen, Amartya

, 18

SIGOF

, 108

Silicon Valley

, 4, 5, 131, 198, 437

Small and medium enterprises (SMEs)

, 250

Social Fund for Development (SFD)

, 305, 308

Southern Africa Innovation Support (SAIS) Programme

, 64

Special economic zone (SEZ)

, 422

Steel sector, in Algeria

emerging innovation hub (EIH)

identification

, 362

importance of best practices

, 364–366

incentive system

, 368–369

initial stage

, 369

institutional and political environment

, 361–362

intellectual property management

, 364

learning and technology transfer

, 366–367

new working method

, 369–370

organizational factor

, 363–364

innovation process

, 351–361

policy lessons

, 377–383

policy recommendations

, 383–388

protagonists, and critical issues

, 344–351

Suame Cluster

challenges

agglomeration paradox

, 412–413

cost of metal

, 414

human capital

, 413–414

limited availability

, 414

low technology skills

, 413–414

rising competition

, 412–413

cluster organisation

external linkages

, 406–407

government policy, role of

, 408–411

inter-firm linkages and agglomeration

, 405–406

linkages with technical and university systems

, 407–408

specialised firms and labour

, 403–404

origins of

, 399–402

policy recommendations

automobile manufacturing

, 418–419

financing

, 419–420

forging new linkages

, 415–417

new industrial park

, 419

new linkages

, 421

Suame Magazine Technical Institute

, 420

substitution and industrial policy

, 417–418

Sugarcane

, 320–321, 325, 327

Sustainable Agriculture Network (SAN)

, 327

Tea Board of Kenya (TBK)

, 315, 331–332

Tea Research Foundation of Kenya (TRFK)

, 328

Technical and vocational education training (TVET)

, 439

Technological innovation

, 3

Technology & Innovation Centres (TIC)

, 305, 308

Telecommunications industry

, 170–171

See also Mobile telecommunications

Telecommunications infrastructure

, 132–133

The Innovation Hub (TIH)

, 42

national and international visibility

, 59

origins of

, 43–44

regional policy strategies

, 54–57

skills and enterprise development

, 57–59

The Innovation Hub Management Company (Pty) Ltd (TIHMC)

, 46

Thematic deficiency

, 18

Tropical Manioc Selection (TMS)

, 245

United Trading Company (UTC)

, 258

World Travel Market (WTM) Global Trends Report

, 209