Prelims
ISBN: 978-1-78441-870-0, eISBN: 978-1-78441-869-4
Publication date: 5 August 2015
Citation
(2015), "Prelims", Kazda, A. and Caves, R.E. (Ed.) Airport Design and Operation, Emerald Group Publishing Limited, Leeds, pp. i-xxv. https://doi.org/10.1108/978-1-78441-870-020153026
Publisher
:Emerald Group Publishing Limited
Copyright © 2015 Emerald Group Publishing Limited
Half Title Page
Airport Design and Operation
Third Edition
Title Page
AIRPORT DESIGN AND OPERATION
Third Edition
by
ANTONÍN KAZDA
University of Žilina, Žilina, Slovakia
ROBERT E. CAVES
Loughborough University, Loughborough, UK (Retired)
United Kingdom – North America – Japan – India – Malaysia – China
Copyright Page
Emerald Group Publishing Limited
Howard House, Wagon Lane, Bingley BD16 1WA, UK
First edition 2000
Second edition 2007
Third edition 2015
Copyright © 2015 Emerald Group Publishing Limited
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British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data
A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library
ISBN: 978-1-78441-870-0 (Print)
ISBN: 978-1-78441-869-4 (Online)
Dedication
Dedication
We have written this book for all the fools who love the beautiful fragrance of the burnt kerosene.
Tony Kazda and Bob Caves
We would like to thank our wives for their understanding during our writing, because the time involved for this work was stolen from our families. Also we thank ‘little’ Zuzana and Tom for their help with language and the manipulation of computer software.
Abbreviations
μm | Micrometres |
A | Ampere |
a/c | Aircraft |
ABAS | Aircraft-Based Augmentation System |
AC | Advisory Circular |
A-CDM | Airport Collaborative Decision Making |
ACARE | Advisory Council for Aeronautics Research in Europe |
ACI | Airports Council International |
ACLU | American Civil Liberties Union |
ACMI | Aircraft, Crew, Maintenance, and Insurance |
ACNSG | Aircraft Classification Number Study Group |
ACRP | Airport Cooperative Research Program |
AD | Aerodrome |
ADF | Automatic Direction Finder |
ADSG | Airport Design Study Group |
AEA | Association of European Airlines |
AFFF | Aqueous Film Forming Foam |
AFTN | Aeronautical Fixed Telecommunication Network |
AGA | Aerodromes, Air Routes and Ground Aids |
AGNIS | Azimuth Guidance for Nose-in Stands |
AIP | Air Information Publication |
AIP | Airport Improvement Program |
AMAN | Arrival Manager |
AMC | Acceptable Means of Compliance |
ANP | Aircraft Noise-Power |
AODB | Airport Operations Database |
API | Advance Passenger Information |
APIS | Aircraft Parking and Information System |
APN | Apron |
APP | Approach |
APP | Advanced Passenger Processing |
APU | Auxiliary Power Unit |
ARCP | Aerodrome Reference Code Panel |
ASD | Addressable Switching Device |
ASDA | Accelerate-stop Distance Available |
A-SMGCS | Advanced Surface Movement, Guidance and Control Systems |
ASPSL | Arrays of Segmented Point Source Lighting |
ASTM | American Society for Testing and Materials |
ATB | Automatic Ticket and Boarding |
ATC | Air Traffic Control |
ATFCM | Air Traffic Flow and Capacity Management |
ATFM | Air Traffic Flow Management |
ATM | Air Traffic Management |
atm | Air Transport Movements |
ATSA | Aviation and Transportation Security Act |
AWB | Air Waybill |
AWOP | All Weather Operation Panel |
BAA | British Airports Authority |
BANANA | Build Absolutely Nothing Anywhere Near Anything |
BOD | Biochemical Oxygen Demand |
BOLDS | Burroughs Optical Lens Docking System |
C | Degrees Celsius (Centigrade) |
CAA | Civil Aviation Authority |
CAD | Computer Added Design |
CAN | Aircraft Classification Number |
CAP | Civil Aviation Publication |
CAT | Category |
CBP | Customs and Border Protection |
CBR | Californian Bearing Ratio |
CCR | Constant Current Regulators |
CCS | Cargo Community System |
CCTV | Close Circuit TV |
cd | Candelas |
CDA | Continuous Descent Approach |
CDD | Charge-Coupled Devices |
CDG | Charles de Gaulle Airport |
CDM | Collaborative Decision Making |
CFMU | Central Flow Management Unit |
CFRP | Carbon Fibre Reinforced Polymer |
CIP | Commercially Important Passengers |
CL | Centre Line |
CLOS | Command Line-of- Sight |
cm | Centimetre |
CMC | Cargo Movement Control |
CNEL | Community Noise Equivalent Level |
CNR | Composite Noise Rating |
CO | Carbon Monoxide |
CO2 | Carbon Dioxide |
CPM | Computational Pipeline Monitoring |
CRM | Collision Risk Model |
CSA | Common Situational Awareness |
CUSS | Common User Self Service |
CUTE | Common Use Terminal Equipment |
CWY | Clearway |
DA | Decelerating Approaches |
dB | Decibel |
DC | Direct Current |
DDF | Data and Documentation Flow |
DDM | Difference in the Depth of Modulation |
DH | Decision Height |
DHS | Department of Homeland Security |
DIN | Deutsches Institut für Normung (German Institute for Standardization) |
DLR | Deutschen Zentrums für Luft- und Raumfahrt (The National Aeronautics and Space Research Centre of the Federal Republic of Germany) |
DM | Dual Mass |
DMAN | Departure Manager |
DME | UHF Distance Measuring Equipment |
Doc | Document |
DOT | Department of Transport |
E | Dynamic Modulus of Elasticity |
EASA | European Aviation Safety Agency |
EC | European Commission |
ECAC | European Civil Aviation Conference |
EDDS | Explosive Device Detection System |
EDI | Electronic Data Interchange |
EDMS | Emissions and Dispersion Modelling System |
EDS | Explosive Detection System |
EFSO | Emergency Fuel Shutoff System |
EGNOS | European Geostationary Navigation Overlay Service |
EIA | Environmental Impact Assessment |
EMA | East Midlands Airport |
EMAS | Engineered Material Arresting System |
EPA | Environmental Protection Agency |
EQA | Equivalent Gates |
ERCD | Environmental Research and Consultancy Department |
ETDS | Explosive Trace Detection Equipment |
ETV | Elevating Transfer Vehicles |
EU | European Union |
EUR | Europe or European |
EXP | World Exports |
FAA | Federal Aviation Administration of the USA |
FAF | Final Approach Fix |
FAR | Federal Aviation Regulation |
FASG | Frangible Aids Study Group |
FATO | Final Approach and Take-off Area |
FFFP | Film Forming Fluoroprotein Foam |
FIDS | Flight Information Display System |
FLIR | Forward Looking Infrared |
FMCW | Frequency Modulated Continuous Wave |
FOD | Foreign Object Damage |
ft | Feet |
ftk | Freight Tonne Kilometres |
g | Gram |
GBAS | Ground-Based Augmentation System |
GCA | Ground Controlled Approach |
GHG | Greenhouse Gas |
GLONASS | Globalnaya Navigatsionnaya Sputnikovaya Sistema |
GNP | Gross National Product |
GNSS | Global Navigation Satellite System |
GP | Glide Path |
GPS | Global Positioning System |
GPWS | Ground Proximity Warning System |
GRI | Global Reporting Initiative |
HAPI | Helicopter Approach Path Indicator |
HC | Hydrocarbons |
HGS | Head up Guidance System |
Hi-Lo | High-Loader |
HOP | Helicopter Operations Panel |
HOT | Hold Over Time |
HV | High Voltage |
Hz | Hertz |
IATA | International Air Transport Association |
ICAO | International Civil Aviation Organisation |
ID | Identification |
IEC | International Electrotechnical Commission |
IFE | In-flight Entertainment |
IFR | Instrument Flight Rules |
ILS | Instrument Landing System |
IM | Inner Marker |
IMC | Instrument Meteorological Conditions |
INM | Integrated Noise Model |
IR | Infra-Red |
ISBN | International Standard Book Number |
ISO | International Standards Organization |
Istr | Intensity in a Space Beam |
IT | Information Technologies |
JFK | John F. Kennedy International Airport |
kHz | Kilohertz |
km | Kilometre |
kN | Kilo-newton |
Kt | Knots |
LAE | Sound Exposure Level |
LAN | Local Area Network |
lb | Pound |
LBS | Location Based Services |
LCC | Low Cost Carrier |
LCM | Lamp Control and Monitoring |
LDA | Landing Distance Available |
LED | Light Emitting Diode |
Leq | Equivalent Continuous Sound Level |
LF | Low Frequency |
LGT | Light, Lighting |
LLZ | Localiser |
LMS | Logistics Management Systems |
LOC | Localiser |
LOS | Level of Service |
LP | Luminescent Panel |
LTO | Take-off and Landing |
LV | Low Voltage |
LVO | Low Visibility Operations |
LVTO | Low Visibility Take-Off |
m | Metre |
MAGLEV | Magnetic Levitation |
MANPADs | Man-Portable Air Defence Systems |
MCT | Maximum Continuous Thrust |
MD | McDonnell-Douglas |
MEL | Minimum Equipment List |
MF | Medium Frequency |
MHz | Megahertz |
MIS | Management Information System |
MKR | Marker |
MLS | Microwave Landing System |
mm | Millimetre |
MM | Middle Marker |
MoU | Memorandum of Understanding |
MPa | Megapascal |
mppa | Million Passengers per Annum |
MTD | Mean Texture Depth |
MTOM | Maximum Take-off Mass |
NADP | Noise Abatement Departure Procedures |
NASP | National Aviation Security Programme |
NDB | Non-Directional Radio Beacon |
NEF | Noise Exposure Forecast |
NFC | Near Field Communications |
NIMBY | Not in My Back Yard |
NM | Nautical Mile |
NNI | Noise and Number Index |
NOTAM | Notice to Airmen |
NOx | Nitrous Oxides |
NPD | Noise-Power-Distance |
NPIAS | National Plan of Integrated Airport Systems |
NTK | Noise Monitoring and Track Keeping |
OAS | Obstacle Assessment Surfaces |
OAT | Outside Air Temperature |
OCP | Obstacle Clearance Panel |
O-D | Origin Destination |
OFZ | Obstacle Free Zone |
OM | Outer Marker |
OPS | Aircraft Operations |
p.a. | Per annum |
Pa | Pascal |
PANS | Procedures for Air Navigation Services |
PAPA | Parallax Aircraft Parking Aid |
PAPI | Precision Approach Path Indicator |
PAR | Precision Approach Radar |
PAX | Passenger |
PBFM | Passenger and Bag Flow Model |
PCN | Pavement Classification Number |
PEDS | Primary Explosive Detection System |
PETN | Pentaerytrytol Tetranitrate |
PIN | Personal Identification Number |
pkm | Passenger Kilometres |
PLASI | Pulse Light Approach Slope Indicator |
PMS | Pavement Management Systems |
PNdB | Perceived Noise Decibel |
PNL | Perceived Noise Level |
PNR | Passenger Name Record |
ppm | Parts Per Million |
PSZ | Public Safety Zone |
ptf | Propensity to Fly |
QR code | Quick Response Code |
RAVC | Reduced Aerodrome Visibility Conditions |
RDF | Radio Direction Finders |
RDX | Cyclotrimethylentrinithramin |
RER | Regional Rapid |
RESA | Runway End Safety Areas |
RETIL | Rapid Exit Taxiway Indicator Light |
RFF | Rescue and Fire Fighting |
RFFS | Rescue and Fire Fighting Service |
RFFSG | Rescue and Fire Fighting Study Group |
RFID | Radio Frequency Identification |
RMS | Root Mean Square |
rpk | Revenue Passenger Kilometres |
RPM | Revolutions Per Minute |
rpm | Revenue Passenger Miles |
RSA | Runway Safety Area |
rtk | Revenue Tonne Kilometres |
RVR | Runway Visual Range |
RWY | Runway |
SAE | Society of Automotive Engineers |
SAGA | System of Azimuth Guidance Approach |
SAMs | Surface-to-Air Missiles |
SARPs | Standards and Recommended Practices |
SAS | Scandinavian Airline Systems |
SBAS | Satellite Based Augmentation System |
SBR | Standard Busy Rate |
SCC | Series Circuit Coupler |
SEL | Single Event (Sound) Exposure Level |
SeMS | Security Management System |
SITA | Société Internationale de Télécommunications Aéronautiques |
SLA | Service Level Agreements |
SMB | Side Marker Board |
SMR | Surface Movement Radar |
SMS | Safety Management System |
SNAP | Significant New Alternatives Policy |
SPL | Sound Pressure Level |
SRE | Surveillance Radar Element |
SS | Settleable solids (mg/litre) - suspended solid after one hour quiescent settlement |
SSI | Sensitive Security Information |
SSR | Secondary Surveillance Radar |
SVR | Slant Visual Range |
SWY | Stopway |
TDD | Telecommunications Display Device |
TDZ | Touchdown Zone |
TGV | Train à Grande Vitesse |
TIP | Threat Image Projection |
TLS | Transponder Landing System |
TNT | Trinitrotoluene |
TO | Take-off |
TODA | Take-off Distance Available |
TOGA | Take-off and Go-Around |
TORA | Take-off Run Available |
TPHP | Typical Peak Hour Passengers |
TRA | Task and Resource Analysis |
TSA | Transportation Security Administration |
TSC | Terrorist Screening Center |
TWY | Taxiway |
UH | Unburned Hydrocarbons |
UHF | Ultra High Frequency |
UK | United Kingdom |
ULD | Unit Load Devices |
UPS | Uninterruptible Power Supply |
US | United States |
USA | United States of America |
USAF | US Air Force |
USD | United States Dollars |
V | Volt |
V | Velocity |
V1 | Take-off Decision Speed |
V2 | Take-off Safety Speed (Applicable to Larger Multi-engine Aircraft) |
VA | Volt-ampere |
VAGS | Visual Alignment Guidance System |
VAP | Visual Aids Panel |
VAT | Value Added Tax |
VASIS | Visual Approach Slope Indicator System |
VDGS | Visual Docking Guidance System |
VFR | Visual Flight Rules |
VHF | Very High Frequency |
VLA | Very Large Aircraft |
VMC | Visual Meteorological Conditions |
VOR | Very High Frequency Omnidirectional Radio Range |
VRLA | Valve-Regulated Lead Acid |
W | Watt |
WAAS | Wide Area Augmentation System |
WCO | World Customs Organization |
WECPNL | Weighted Equivalent Continuous Perceived Noise Level |
Wi-Fi | Wireless Fidelity |
WRS | Wide-area Reference Stations |
WS | Wing Span |
Preface
This book is titled ‘Airport Design and Operation’. However, the reader will not find chapters devoted exclusively to airport design or airport operation. Airport design and airport operation are closely related and influence each other. A poor design affects the airport operation and results in increased costs. On the other hand it is difficult to design the airport infrastructure without sound knowledge of airport operations. This is emphasised throughout the book.
The book does not offer a set of simple instructions for solutions to particular problems. Every airport is unique and a simple generic solution does not exist. The book explains principles and relationships important for the design of airport facilities, for airport management and for the safe and efficient control of operations. We hope that we have been able to overcome the traditional view that an airport is only the runway and tarmac. An airport is a complex system of facilities and often the most important enterprise of a region. It is an economic generator and catalyst in its catchment area. However, this book is focused on one narrow part of the airport problem, namely design and operation, while bearing the other aspects in mind.
This third edition includes some important changes in the international regulations covering design and operations. It reflects the greater attention being given to security, safety and changes on the air transport market with respect to the impact of low cost carriers operations. The third edition contains new parts on airport long-term planning; Reduced Aerodrome Visibility Conditions operation; RESA and EMAS construction; aircraft performance; rapid exit taxiway specifications; dowelling technology in concrete pavement design; fuel storage and leak detection; impact of mobile and IT technologies on passenger terminal design and operations; developments in security risks and their impact on security SARPs; ground transport system improvements and their impact on airport attractiveness; new de-icing chemicals and procedures; changes in rescue and fire fighting and a new chapter on wildlife control. All these changes and additions strengthen the operational content of this book.
Tony Kazda and Bob Caves
Žilina, Slovakia and Loughborough, UK, January 2015
Acknowledgements
We appreciate all the help from the professionals who have contributed to the text or have given freely of their time and expertise to advise and correct our draft texts. Without their help, it would not have been possible to complete this book. We would like to express special thanks to:
Charles Allen, DHL
Zoltan Bazso, Heathrow Airport
Bill Blanchard, East Midlands airport
Petr Čiviš, AGA – Letiště, Prague
Zbyněk Hackl, Airport Systems Design Agency, spol. s r.o., Prague
Petr Hloušek, Prague Airport
Dr. Stephanie Hochreuther, BU ICS, Technical Application EMEA, Aviation, Clariant Produkte (Deutschland) GmbH
Dr. Martin Hromádka, Žilina Airport
Tomáš Hruška, Air Transport Europe
Abdul Nasser Chakra, Emirates Aviation University, Dubai
Bohdan Koverdynsky, Prague Airport
Dr. Libot Kurzweil, Prague Airport
Andrea L. Manning, Zodiac Aerospace
Matěj Mareth, Slovak Transport Authority
Darren Maynard, DHL
Richard Moxon, Cranfield University
Kai Nieruch, Lufthansa
Prof. Andrej Novák, University of Žilina
Jan Pojezny, Vestergaard Company A/S
- Prelims
- Chapter 1 Air Transport And Airports
- Chapter 2 Predicting Traffic
- Chapter 3 Airport Site Selection and Runway System Orientation
- Chapter 4 Runways
- Chapter 5 Runway Strips and Other Areas
- Chapter 6 Taxiways
- Chapter 7 Aprons
- Chapter 8 Pavements
- Chapter 9 Aircraft Ground Handling
- Chapter 10 Aircraft Refuelling
- Chapter 11 Cargo
- Chapter 12 Passenger Terminals
- Chapter 13 Security
- Chapter 14 Landside Access
- Chapter 15 Visual Aids for Navigation
- Chapter 16 Electrical Energy Supply
- Chapter 17 Radio Navigation Aids
- Chapter 18 Airport Winter Operation
- Chapter 19 Airport Emergency Services
- Chapter 20 Environmental Control
- Chapter 21 Wildlife Control
- References
- Index