TY  - JOUR
AB  - While propaganda was central to U.S. public diplomacy in earlier times, and remains central today, the United States must now practice true public diplomacy, which should rely, not only on political theory and the theories of international relations, but also on theories and models of public relations that are based on two‐way symmetrical communication and community‐building. A propaganda model centers the United States at the hub of the global milieu in its relationships with other nations, i.e., a diplomatic worldview in which the ‘spokes’ of America's communication and relationships radiate outward to satellites of stakeholders; in contrast, the United States is not centered so self‐importantly in a community‐building model. Rather, this model recognizes that America is only one part of a global social system. America's public diplomacy must recognize that the United States' global constituents are ‘publics,’ not ‘markets,’ and that an effective public diplomacy model must be one that is not propaganda or market‐oriented advocacy, but one that is based on two‐way symmetrical communication and community‐building.
VL  - 9
IS  - 4
SN  - 1363-254X
DO  - 10.1108/13632540510621641
UR  - https://doi.org/10.1108/13632540510621641
AU  - Kruckeberg Dean
AU  - Vujnovic Marina
PY  - 2005
Y1  - 2005/01/01
TI  - Public relations, not propaganda, for US public diplomacy in a post‐9/11 world: Challenges and opportunities
T2  - Journal of Communication Management
PB  - Emerald Group Publishing Limited
SP  - 296
EP  - 304
Y2  - 2024/04/24
ER  -