TY - JOUR AB - Purpose–The purpose of this paper is to present the full range of choices that academic institutions presently have for attending to educational results.Design/methodology/approach–The approach takes the form of a systematic comparison of the eight models currently available to colleges and universities for attending to educational results, relative to four necessary organizational purposes: individual student improvement, individual student accountability, organizational improvement, and organizational accountability.Findings–This is a time of innovation, not of standardization. As new choices become available, the standard for accountability for educational results continues to rise.Originality/value–The choices, ranging from established practices to expected alternatives to unexpected innovations, differ significantly in their capacities. VL - 16 IS - 2 SN - 1074-8121 DO - 10.1108/10748120810874487 UR - https://doi.org/10.1108/10748120810874487 AU - Shupe David A. ED - David Shupe PY - 2008 Y1 - 2008/01/01 TI - Toward a higher standard: the changing organizational context of accountability for educational results T2 - On the Horizon PB - Emerald Group Publishing Limited SP - 72 EP - 96 Y2 - 2024/04/20 ER -