A 24 d.o.f. four‐node flat shell finite element for general unsymmetric orthotropic layered composites

Abstract

The constitutive relationship of a four‐node flat shell finite element with six degrees of freedom per node and a modified five‐point quadrature, previously presented by the authors, is extended to include symmetric and unsymmetric orthotropy. Through manipulation of the kinematic assumptions, provision is made for out‐of‐plane warp. A wide range of membrane and thin to moderately thick plate and shell examples are used to demonstrate the accuracy and robustness of the resulting element.

Citation

Groenwold, A.A. and Stander, N. (1998), "A 24 d.o.f. four‐node flat shell finite element for general unsymmetric orthotropic layered composites", Engineering Computations, Vol. 15 No. 4, pp. 518-543. https://doi.org/10.1108/02644409810219794