Empiricism, rationalism and positivism in library and information science

Abstract

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to examine the importance and influence of the epistemologies: “empiricism”, “rationalism” and “positivism” in library and information science (LIS).

Design/methodology/approach

First, outlines the historical development of these epistemologies, by discussing and identifying basic characteristics in them and by introducing the criticism that has been raised against these views. Second, their importance for and influence in LIS have been examined.

Findings

The findings of this paper are that it is not a trivial matter to define those epistemologies and to characterise their influence. Many different interpretations exist and there is no consensus regarding current influence of positivism in LIS. Arguments are put forward that empiricism and positivism are still dominant within LIS and specific examples of the influence on positivism in LIS are provided. A specific analysis is made of the empiricist view of information seeking and it is shown that empiricism may be regarded as a normative theory of information seeking and knowledge organisation.

Originality/value

The paper discusses basic theoretical issues that are important for the further development of LIS as a scholarly field.

Citation

Hjørland, B. (2005), "Empiricism, rationalism and positivism in library and information science", Journal of Documentation, Vol. 61 No. 1, pp. 130-155. https://doi.org/10.1108/00220410510578050