TY  - CHAP
AB  - Allen C. Bluedorn and Sydney Finkelstein have provided an unusually insightful set of commentaries on “Planning in organizations: Performance as a multi-level phenomenon”. In this article, I respond to these commentaries beginning with an examination of the assumptions made about planning over the years. Subsequently, I examine Bluedorn's and Finkelstein's critiques of this article with respect to three key issues: Complexity, performance, and history. With regard to history, I argue that the use of case-based reasoning in planning insures that planning performance is as much a function of the past as forecasting of the future. With regard to performance, it is argued that planning performance must be framed in a multi-level model. The issue of complexity is addressed by examining the role of cross-level and within-level interactions in shaping planning performance. The implications of these observations for theoretical integration and research needs are discussed.
VL  - 1
SN  - 978-0-76230-805-7, 978-1-84950-113-2/1475-9144
DO  - 10.1016/S1475-9144(02)01029-9
UR  - https://doi.org/10.1016/S1475-9144(02)01029-9
AU  - Mumford Michael D
ED  - Francis J. Yammarino
ED  - Fred Dansereau
PY  - 2002
Y1  - 2002/01/01
TI  - Planning in organizations: Complexity, history, and performance
T2  - The many faces of multi-level issues
T3  - Research in Multi-Level Issues
PB  - Emerald Group Publishing Limited
SP  - 81
EP  - 92
Y2  - 2024/04/25
ER  -