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The purpose of this paper is to study the impact of bank financing on innovative development of Russian circumpolar area and identifying the barriers to its development.

Using the abstract-logical method and a set of methods of economic, statistical and econometric analysis (panel data analysis) the authors examine the role of financial intermediaries in innovative development of Russia and Russian arctic regions.

The key financial intermediaries in the Russian economy have historically been the banks, which are, at the same time, as it follows from the analysis above, inertly participating in the innovative development financing in the Russian circumpolar regions. Assessment of the potential intensification of the role of banks in the innovative ecosystems has shown that, despite the development of institutional conditions of banks’ resource base compounding and the development of funding, high risks of innovation, multiplying in a volatile external environment, prevent the inflow of bank capital into the innovation sector.

Main limitation is the inability of panel data to capture long-term impacts of bank financing on innovative development of Russian circumpolar area.

The results suggest that the intensification of the banks’ participation in financing innovation and overcoming the existing challenges will enable to stimulate the process of innovation development of the circumpolar zone in Russia.

There is no study evaluating the impact of bank financing on innovative development of Russian arctic regions.

Purpose: The purpose of the work is to consider the integration mechanism as a source of overcoming technological inequality. Also, the authors considered the problems of using clusters, special economic zones, technology parks, public–private partnership (PPP).

Design/methodology/approach: Statistical and regression analysis are used as research methods. This work analyses the materials of a survey among Russian employees who were transferred to remote work in 2020, which allows specifying the essence of technological inequality in Russia. A classification of technologies that allow clusters to influence the reduction of the technological gap and overcoming conflicts of business interests is proposed, and the classification of types of government policies is presented.

Originality/value: It is proved that the features of the digital economy development at the present stage largely depend on the degree of technological inequalities of countries. This work fills in a gap in the literature that consists in the uncertainty of the potential of integration mechanisms in entrepreneurship regarding the contribution to the reduction of technological inequality. This work’s contribution to the literature consists in substantiating the presence of this potential on the example of clusters, special economic zones, technology parks, and PPP.

The purpose of this paper is to explore how young people who offend with others define delinquent and criminal groups and consider the social risk factors associated with gang membership and criminal exploitation.

The sample consisted of 15 young people who were purposively sampled from a group of 14- to 17-year-old males who had been identified as at risk of gang involvement and referred to a community-based programme. Using a social identity framework, a thematic analysis was undertaken to investigate how the participants viewed their role in offending as part of a group.

The participants identified peer groups, street gangs and the involvement of adult criminals as distinct categories of offending groups. Unlike prior models for gang involvement, some members of the sample were involved in multiple groups to perform different categories of crime. Importantly, participants displayed an awareness of exploitation and described successful exit strategies from criminal groups.

Understanding how young people who are involved in delinquent behaviour and offending define gang and group offending.

The implications for gang and group offending prevention and intervention programmes are discussed.

The literature on child criminal exploitation and UK drug markets is in its infancy. This paper offers further evidence for the processes of joining and leaving delinquent and criminal groups.

Actuality of this subject is predetermined by the fact that global competitiveness and expansion of exchange of knowledge made employers not only increase requirements to factual results of the study at all levels of education but also announce the necessity of formation of new qualities with graduates. The purpose of this paper is to develop a complex of recommendations for employers’ participation in the formation of educational programs for preparing specialists in the service sphere, aimed at improving education quality and the demand for graduates in the labor market.

A method which leads to the study of this problem is desk methods of research. For an evaluation of the results of realization of educational programs and use of educational resources for training of specialists in the service sphere, the authors conducted a survey of employers (representatives of service sphere); the selection constituted 300 people.

The paper determines scientifically substantiated directions of activities for the participation of employers in the formation of educational programs and resources for training of specialists in the service sphere. The authors developed a model of interconnection of purposes and results of employers’ participation in the realization of educational programs, formation, and use of educational resources.

The practical significance of this research consists in the fact that received results and offers could be used by educational establishments, employers, and professional associations.

The purpose of the paper is to develop the scientific and methodological provision for measuring and managing the social effectiveness of the market economy and its approbation.

With foundation on the classical idea of effectiveness as a ratio of results to costs, and with acknowledgment of incompatibility and inequality of the elements of social effectiveness and the necessity of their ranking, the authors' formula for its evaluation is presented, and the methodology of its application is offered.

It is substantiated that the economic component of effectiveness of the market economy might have no connection with its social component, moreover, these two components could enter a vivid contradiction. This contradiction is especially vivid in countries with developed market economy. As the example of the USA shows despite the high global economy its market economy shows average statistical social effectiveness. While the experience of Russia shows that even with moderate global competitiveness of the market economy, it is possible to achieve its high social effectiveness. Advantages are achieved due to other social effects – active development of human potential and using the opportunities of the digital economy for social purposes. Social effectiveness of the Russian economy is assessed at 1.602.

The determined differences in the level of social effectiveness of developed and developing market economy predetermined the necessity for applying different measures to manage this effectiveness. A cyclic algorithm for managing the social effectiveness of developed and developing markets has been developed from the examples of the USA and Russia in 2019. It shows that perspectives of increasing the social effectiveness of certain market economies and leveling the disproportions of social effectiveness in the modern global economic system are connected to change of the measures of management with results and costs and for avoiding their mutual neutralization, the authors offer scientific and practical recommendations.