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All around the world, the tourism sector was hard hit by the pandemic. Many nations across the world are majorly dependent on tourism for their gross earnings. It is the backbone of service sector and has a great potential to boost entrepreneurial and related industries. The employment generation through this sector can be enormous if proper emphasis is laid on the factors inducing entrepreneurship, like conducive start-up policies, supportive government initiatives, and adequate financial support to the budding entrepreneurs along with development of financial and societal support systems. Across the globe, many communities suffered due to pandemic and the problems associated with that. Entrepreneurship is regarded as key to business innovation and development of economies. Thereby, in order to plan for resilience strategies, it is very important to understand the peculiarities of entrepreneurial ecosystem. It becomes necessary to understand and strategize the growth of entrepreneurial ecosystem to rebuild communities. This chapter highlights the relationships between entrepreneurial ecosystems and tourism sector for the growth of economy. The major finding is that without entrepreneurial growth, no economy or no sector can revive from crises. Therefore, it is necessary to focus on building effective strategies to support the stakeholders of the entrepreneurial ecosystems so as to promote growth and revive from the damage caused by pandemic.

This study aims to understand the impact of underlying theme in the communication on social media on funding received by early-stage start-ups.

The study is based on empirical testing of data of 849 start-ups and more than 130K tweets. Machine learning (ML) model has been used for text classification of 130K+ tweets. Causal mediation analysis with bootstrapping is carried out for hypothesis testing.

Tweets addressing quality-related uncertainty are a predictor of amount of funds raised. Audience response acts as a mediator between tweets focusing on relational orientation and amount of funds raised.

The authors advance signaling theory by theorizing and investigating the importance of signal content. Endogenous signal of quality directly influences the start-ups outcomes, while exogenous signal helps disseminate information and influence the success.

Entrepreneurs should put in concerted effort to reduce uncertainty about the start-ups. Value creation is a central concept for start-ups; however, communicating value should be the dominant part of social media strategy.

Computer-based language processing techniques have amplified the research focused on content. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first comprehensive study that explores underlying themes of communication of start-ups and their impact on acquiring funds.

This paper aims to understand technology-based accelerators’ legitimation efforts in an emerging entrepreneurship ecosystem.

This research is based on qualitative inductive methodology using ten Turkish technology-based accelerators.

The analysis indicates that accelerators’ legitimation efforts are shaped around crafting a distinctive identity and mobilizing allies around this identity; and establishing new collaborations to enable collective action. Further, the authors observe two types of technology-based accelerators, namely, “deal flow makers” and “welfare stimulators” in Turkey. These variations among accelerators affect how they build their legitimacy. Different types of accelerators make alliances with different actors in the entrepreneurship ecosystem. Accelerators take collective action to build a collective identity and simultaneously imply how they are distinguished from other organizations in the same category and the ones in the old category.

This study presents a framework to understand how accelerators use strategies and actions to legitimize themselves as new organizations and advocate new norms, values and routines in an emerging entrepreneurship ecosystem. The framework also highlights how different accelerators support legitimacy building by managing the judgments of diverse audiences and increasing the variety of resources these audiences provide to the ecosystem.

To augment sales revenue, B2B digital start-ups aim to create and sustain commercial relationships with industry incumbents. However, since these incumbents have traditionally struggled with implementing disruptive digital artifacts, most studies have almost exclusively concentrated on their challenges, leaving the digital start-ups' side underexplored. Therefore, this study seeks to understand how digital start-ups navigate digital implementation (DI) hardships to ultimately achieve digital entrepreneurship success.

An abductive explanatory multi-case study of four industries that pose a variety of implementation challenges for B2B digital start-ups (agriculture, insurance, real estate and construction, and healthcare) was conducted using data collected from 40 interviews with Israeli experts and relevant digital data observations.

This study articulates two main observations. (1) Throughout their journeys, digital start-ups have utilized newly created and/or refined dynamic capabilities (DC) to successfully implement their digital artifacts. Simultaneously, successful DI has enabled digital start-ups to create new DC or sustain and evolve current DC. (2) We provide empirical evidence outlining how digital start-ups using continuous learning have combined causation and effectuation logic throughout their DI journeys.

This study answers a call to explore more explicit digital-related drivers (i.e. DI) for digital entrepreneurship success by studying a highly-ranked country on the Global Entrepreneurship Index (GEI) to achieve this. Moreover, it illustrates how digital start-ups evolve throughout their commercial relationships with industry incumbents, thereby enabling an effective approach for successful DI. Such an approach can be considered very valuable for both practitioners and policymakers. Consequently, it advances digital entrepreneurship as an independent research topic.

This study aims to determine whether and how objectives and key results (OKRs) help employees collaborate and innovate.

A total of 295 executives and operational staff from two types of organizations – large corporations and start-ups – that have adopted OKRs were interviewed. Content analysis was performed.

Based on the opinions of executives and operational staff from both large organizations and start-ups, OKRs encouraged employee collaboration and innovation.

This study adopted a qualitative method; thus, the generalizability of the results might be limited. Therefore, more samples are required for statistical testing in future studies.

Managers can adopt OKRs and use them to encourage employee collaboration and innovation. OKRs should not be linked to employee compensation and clear and challenging goals should be set.

This study enhances the existing knowledge boundary, as to the best of the authors’ knowledge, no study has investigated the effect of OKRs on employee collaboration and innovation in two different types of organizations: large organizations and start-ups.

Applying the Stimulus–Organism–Response (SOR) model, this study aims to explore how AI-driven stimuli (e.g. ChatGPT adoption in entrepreneurship and perceived AI competencies) stimulate individuals’ cognitive organisms (e.g. digital entrepreneurial opportunity exploration and exploitation), and how these individually, congruently, and incongruently trigger their behavioral responses (e.g. nascent digital start-up activities).

Utilizing a sample of 1326 MBA students in Vietnam with a stratified sampling approach, multiple linear regression and polynomial regression with response surface analysis were used to test hypotheses.

The findings reveal that ChatGPT adoption in entrepreneurship and perceived AI competencies have a positive and significant impact on individuals’ digital entrepreneurial opportunity exploration and exploitation, which in turn, positively affects nascent digital start-up activities. Moreover, the study also reports that digital entrepreneurial opportunity exploration and exploitation can be congruently combined with each other to trigger the effects of nascent digital start-up activities.

Some valuable recommendations based on the findings have been provided for practitioners and policymakers.

The study contributes to the academic landscape by validating the SOR model within the context of AI adoption and entrepreneurship. It emphasizes the sequential processes of stimulus, cognitive responses, and behavioral outcomes, shedding light on nuanced effects in the digital entrepreneurial landscape.

This paper integrates the action phase theory (APT) and the theory of planned behaviour (TPB) to analyse the dynamic mechanisms involved in the configuration of goals and implementation intentions throughout the entrepreneurship process.

The empirical analysis compares individuals in different phases of this process (not yet decided, potential and nascent entrepreneurs). A large sample of adults from Spain is analysed. Structural equation models and multi-group analysis (MGA) serve to test the hypotheses.

The results confirm that perceived behavioural control (PBC) is the most influential antecedent of entrepreneurial goal intention (EGI) in pre-actional phases (undecided and potential entrepreneurs), whilst attitude towards entrepreneurship (ATE) takes this role during nascency. Subjective norms (SNs) are more important in Phase 1 (establishing the goal) and in Phase 3 (performing nascent behaviour).

This study contributes to both the TPB and the APT. It provides the most relevant insight into the mental process that leads to starting up and helps explain certain previous conflicting results found in the literature. Additionally, it has important implications not only for theory building but also for support bodies and for entrepreneurship educators.

This study tests whether environmental awareness affects firm creation by using Google Trends data and a novel region-level data set from Italy.

Forward-looking entrepreneurs drive firm creation. The authors hypothesize that more environmentally conscious entrepreneurs will emerge as environmental awareness rises, increasing the number of green and energy firms. The authors test the prediction using Google Trends data and a novel region-level data set from Italy.

The authors find that not only the number of green and energy-innovative firms but also that of all innovative start-ups increases with rising environmental consciousness. The results imply some “innovation spillover” effects from green sectors to other industries with rising environmental awareness.

The paper hypothesizes that as environmental awareness rises, more environmental-conscious entrepreneurs will emerge, which would increase the number of green and energy firms. Robustness and falsification tests are also offered.

The purpose of this study is to develop a model of a starting situation for relationship initiation in turbulent business networks.

The study is designed as an extreme single case study that takes its point of departure in a company’s bankruptcy in the Swedish automotive industry.

This study illustrates how a new business relationship can start from a resource combination previously controlled by one actor (i.e. a single company) in a turbulent business network, thereby bringing nuances to the common understanding that new relationships start in stable business networks where resource combinations are developed between actors in established business relationships.

Previous studies have stated that the development of a mutual orientation between actors leads to the formation of a business relationship. The business relationship then leads to resource adaptations between the two companies. The developed model, however, illustrates that this pattern can be reversed in situations of turbulence. Hence, previously adapted resources might lead to the formations of a business relationship. Based on this observation, the authors argue that there are reasons to question if previous models of business relationship initiation and development in business networks are adequately equipped for analysis in turbulent business networks.

Contemporary entrepreneurial ecosystem models and frameworks advocate that culture is a criterion for entrepreneurial intention and central to entrepreneurship discourse. However, there is limited research from resource-constrained economies, such as sub-Saharan Africa and at a sub-national level. Responding to calls for bottom-up perspectives hinged on local context and heterogeneous nature, this paper aims to provide an in-depth understanding from multiple perspectives about the effect that culture and entrepreneurial intention have on the entrepreneurship process and performance in Nelson Mandela Bay, South Africa.

A mixed-method research design followed a sequential independent process consisting of two phases. Phase 1 included the dissemination of questionnaires to economically active participants, and 300 responses were statistically analysed. In Phase 2, 15 semi-structured interviews with influential economic development agents were conducted.

The results indicated that social legitimacy towards entrepreneurship existed and self-employment was viewed positively. However, self-employment endeavours were mainly necessity driven, and the systemic low levels of innovation, poor business competitiveness and the inability to scale were highlighted. The findings indicated that individuals venturing into business had a culture of being dependant on the government, lacking a risk appetite, fearing failure, with disparate groups suffering from a poor legacy of entrepreneurship.

Despite research done on the role of culture and entrepreneurial intention on entrepreneurial ecosystems, there are few case studies showing their influence at a sub-national level. This study responds to calls for studies on a sub-national level by exploring the influence that culture and entrepreneurial intention have on entrepreneurship in a resource-constrained metropole.